An important objective of science and technology education is the development of pupils' capacity for systems thinking. While in science education the term system relates mainly to structures and phenomena in the natural world, technology education focuses on systems designed to fulfill people's needs and desires: examples include systems to…

Condensed from "School & Society, Volume 96 (November 9, 1968), 400-01.

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS USES A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ALLOW COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF THE VARIABLES. THE PROCESS INCLUDES A TEACHING-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, COMPOSED OF VARIABLES IN A CURRICULUM MODULE, THE INDIVIDUAL LEARNER AND HIS CHARACTERISTIC VARIABLES, AND INTERACTION OF THESE TWO THROUGH A…

This book represents the final report of the planning phase in the development of an instructional system to be implemented at Cubberley High School in the Palo Alto Unified School District. The purpose of this project is to develop a pilot science learning system in the earth/life sciences. The systems analysis approach was utilized in an attempt…

Students receive their education in science from four initial sources: the scientific community, the observers of science, direct contact with natural phenomena, and non-science influences. It is possible that in the non-science influences which have been given only incidental consideration lie some of the major inhibitions of curriculum…

"The general goals of this essay are (1) to improve the rigor and forecasting power of curriculum design and (2) to aid in the development of a set of basic notions or commonplaces for a technologically based conceptual structure for the field of curriculum design." (Author)

Wageningen Agricultural University's use of systems approaches and simulation for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate education suggests the following elements are necessary: (1) congruence between the aims/interests of teachers and participants; (2) appropriate course level; (3) applicability to relevant research fields; and (4) a range of…

Engineers have a set of powerful tools at their disposal for designing robust and reliable technical systems. In educational design these tools are seldom applied. This paper explores the application of concepts from the systems approach in an educational context. The paradigms of design methodology and systems engineering appear to be suitable…

A project is proposed here which would apply a systems approach to the mathematical education of sixth-formers who are specializing in the arts or in social or life sciences. The project would develop over four years a kit of coordinated material combining four different approaches: empirical, audiovisual, discovery, and vocational. The project…

The Hawaii English Project (HEP) was established to redefine the basic English program in Hawaii schools. Planning teams used a systems approach to solve the problems of language instruction. Instructional designs and materials were produced and tested on students. Analysis of variance was performed on test results. Conclusions are: (1) the HEP…

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy has been using a systems approach as part of its training program since 1969. This booklet describes the general characteristics of an instructional system and explains the steps the FAA goes through in implementing the approach. These steps are: 1) recognize a need for training, 2) specify the…

This text, now in its fourth edition, provides an understanding of the diversity and use of models used to portray the instructional development (ID) process, while reflecting the many changes in the field that have occurred since publication of the last edition in 1997. Beginning with the belief that an ID model should be selected based on the…

Author discusses the mini-system, a clear, orderly, and functional educational plan that is an abolute necessity if an effective educational process is to take place. (Author)