This article offers a historical inquiry into behaviorism and its impact on standard of judgement concerning education policies. Drawing from Aldous Huxley's reservation towards behaviorism as a scientific movement that naturalizes the role of control in human affairs, the paper maps the impact of behaviorism on economics of education. By tracing…

This study investigates the consistency between human raters and an automated essay scoring system in grading high school students' English compositions. A total of 923 essays from 23 classes of 12 senior high schools in Taiwan (Republic of China) were obtained and scored manually and electronically. The results show that the consistency between…

The issue features articles and photographs of computers displayed at the Automation-69 Exhibition in Moscow, especially the Mir-1 and Ruta-110. Also discussed are the Doza analog computer for radiological dosage; 'on-the-fly' output printers; other ways to increase computer speed and productivity; and the planned ultra-high-energy 1000-Bev…

After distinguishing between automation and cybernation, the author briefly describes the manifold effects of cybernation on society. (DE)

A discussion of major events and trends in the development of both the hardware and software for automating Soviet instruction''. (Author/AK)

Some crucial aspects of international scientific information systems whose establishment will be urgently required in the near future are explored. The exploration is concerned with futuristic aspects of the coming thirty-two years of the present century. The main sections of this report cover: (1) descriptions of the cybernetic era; (2) aspects…

In critically reviewing these opposing views of the social and economic effects of automation and cybernation, the author attempts to bring some current myths into clearer focus, and thereby encourage more responsible attitudes. (JB)

In the modern concept a robot is a complex automatic cybernetics system capable of executing various operations in the sphere of human activity and in various respects combining the imitative capacity of the physical and mental activity of man. They are a class of automatic information systems intended for search, collection, processing, and…

A research plan for identifying and acting upon constraints that impede the development of knowledge-based intelligent systems is described. The two primary problems identified are knowledge programming, the task of which is to create an intelligent system that does what an expert says it should, and learning, the problem requiring the criticizing…

THE APPLICATION OF CYBERNETICS TO PEDAGOGY CAN CREATE A PRECISE SCIENCE OF INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION THROUGH THE TIME-CONSUMING BUT INEVITABLE TRANSITION FROM IDENTIFICATION OF QUALITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PEDAGOGICAL OBJECTS TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THESE OBJECTS. THE THEORETICAL UTILITY OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND FORMULAE FOR EXPLANATORY…

THREE METHODS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ARE DISCUSSED--USE OF COMPUTERS, MATHEMATICS, AND EXPERTISE. THE USE OF EXPERTISE IS EMPHASIZED. THE DISCUSSION ON EXPERTISE JUDGMENT IS BASED ON PAPERS BY O. HELMER, WHICH ILLUSTRATE THE DELPHI METHOD OR CYBERNETIC ARBITRATION. ALTHOUGH COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS (PARTICULARLY GAME THEORY) ARE BECOMING…

These papers take the view that automation impinges upon our socio-psychological as well as economic existence and we must take drastic measures to survive. Robert Theobald, presenting evidence that automation brings job displacement, suggests that we face the choice of trying to insure enough jobs, or of taking advantage of the new free time to…

This study of the computer/user interface investigated the role of the computer in performing information tasks that users now perform without computer assistance. Users' perceptual/cognitive processes are to be accelerated or augmented by the computer; a long term goal is to delegate information tasks entirely to the computer. Cybernetic and…

Discusses current issues in the design of information systems, noting contributions from three professions--computer science, human factors engineering, and information science. The eclectic nature of human factors engineering and the difficulty of drawing together studies with human engineering or software psychological components from diverse…

Clarifying the influences determining how and to what extent highly qualified personnel are employed, this study discusses those sorts of economic and technological advances affecting employment potentials. Two main trends in scientific and technological progress--computerized industries and the high science-content of production--have so…