When the Learning Sciences emerged in 1991, there was an ethos of studying learning in humans and machines in conjunction with one another. This ethos reflected three decades of prior work on the interdisciplinary study of learning; however, in the three decades since the emergence of the Learning Sciences, it seems to have largely disappeared. I…

Purpose: Sustainability is, in itself, the idea of a harmonic answer to the dual nature of the most pressing problem for global society. Most of the problems dealing with sustainability concern its dual and contradictory nature. That paradoxical reality is in no way a unique feature of sustainability; its universal pervasiveness is demonstrated by…

This study investigates how young children master, construct and understand intelligent rule-based robot behaviors, focusing on their strategies in gradually meeting the tasks' complexity. The wider aim is to provide a comprehensive map of the kinds of transitions and learning that take place in constructing simple emergent behaviors, particularly…

In view of the apparent complexity and dynamism of the learner, only a systems approach to learning processes can provide a viable and practical frame of reference within which to conduct educational research. There are fundamental weaknesses in the current cybernetic model of learning, and therefore, it is useful to consider the learner as an…

Selected papers presented at the First Scientific Conference of Pedagogical Scholars of Socialist Countries, Moscow, 1971, deal with methodology in relation to science, human development, sociology, psychology, cybernetics, and the learning process. (KM)

Describes a model of instructional theory relevant to individualized distance education that is based on Keller's Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), behavior analysis, and the instructional systems development model (ISD). Systems theory is emphasized, and ISD and behavior analysis are discussed as cybernetic processes. (LRW)

A cybernetic model of factors involved in the fossilization of grammatical and lexical forms in learner grammars is offered. A distinction is made between affective and cognitive dimensions of a multidimensional channel of human communication; and the effect of expected and unexpected feedback on these two dimensions is discussed. (Author/POP)

CYBERNETICS IN EDUCATION IMPLIES COMPLETE CONTROL OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS, WHOSE GOALS ARE SPECIFIED BY COMMUNIST POLICY. MODELS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING BOTH LOGICAL ALGORITHMS, AND NON-ALGORITHMIC OR PROBABILITY PROBLEMS, MUST BE TESTED EXPERIMENTALLY SO SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES CAN BE STATED. THE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS ITSELF MUST…

Deciphering the learning mechanism which exists in man remains to be solved. This article examines the learning process with respect to association and cybernetics. It is recommended that research should focus on the transdisciplinary processes of learning which could become the next key concept in the science of man. (Author/MA)

Presents a learning theory in the language of cybernetics based on the tenet that the minimal experimental situation for making psychological observations is a conversation. The account is directed at generating interest in the original work by G. Pask, et al. (GS)

DEVELOPMENT OF NON-MACHINE PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION ACCORDING TO STATE-SPECIFIED EDUCATIONAL GOALS AND TRADITIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES WILL ALLOW EFFICIENT, INDEPENDENT, CONTROLLED LEARNING, BUT MUST BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTION TO FORTIFY IN PUPILS THE FEELING OF COLLECTIVISM. EXPERIMENTAL WORK WITH SEVENTH GRADE SHOWS…

This paper considers the possibility and desirability of competency-based education. It examines the present status of behavioral objectives and reviews a recent assessment of most empirical studies on behavioral objectives. It then presents a comparative consideration and assessment of the following teaching models: (1) the impression model, (2)…

Much recent cognitive and artificial intelligence research has focused on the development of "schema theory." This theory supposes the existence of knowledge and memory structures that encode prototypical descriptions of familiar concepts. Schema theory has developed in a scientific environment that stresses interdisciplinary approaches…

Discusses the field of educational technology and the need for new perspectives on the processes of learning, teaching, and doing research. Topics discussed include the scope of education; goal-directed feedback; control system theory; cybernetics and general system research; self-instruction; and suggestions for future planning for educational…