Purpose: Among the gold standards in human resource development (HRD) research are studies that test theoretically developed hypotheses and use experimental designs. A somewhat typical experimental design would involve collecting pretest and posttest data on individuals assigned to a control or experimental group. Data from such a design that…

Adelman, Marquis, Sabatos-DeVito, and Estes (2013) collected word naming latencies from 4 participants who read 2,820 words 50 times each. Their recommendation and practice was that R2 targets set for models should take into account subject idiosyncrasies as replicable patterns, equivalent to a subjects-as-fixed-effects assumption. In light of an…

Past research have pointed out that excellent strategies have been written but extremely small have been accomplished in their implementation. It has additionally been proposed that only 10% of formulated strategies are successfully implemented. However, crafting the best strategy is not the end in itself but the ultimate result will only be…

Commentary is presented on the preceding articles in this issue of the journal. Critical commentary is made article by article, and some general recommendations are made. (See TM 503 664 through 670). (JKS)

Redundancy analysis is an attempt to provide nonsymmetric measures of the dependence of one set of variables on another set. This paper attempts to clarify the nature of redundancy analysis and its relationships to canonical correlation and multivariate multiple linear regression. (Author/JKS)

A statistical analysis procedure is developed, based on the notion that many educational programs are dynamic interventions in natural growth processes, and is called value-added analysis. The theory of value-added analysis, and several applications are presented. (Author/JKS)

Issues in analysis of covariance, multiple regression analysis, and the analysis of variance such as the assumption of independence and directional hypotheses are discussed. (JKS)

A data set from the area of clinical psychology was used to show how multiple regression analysis could be used where analysis of variance might more commonly be used. (JKS)

Recent criticism in the literature of the use of inferential statistics in educational research is refuted. The authors focus on the defense of multiple regression analysis. (JKS)

Explains multiple regression, demonstrates its flexibility for analyzing data from various designs, and discusses interpretation of results from multiple regression analysis. Presents regression equations for single independent variable and for two or more independent variables, followed by a discussion of coefficients related to these. Compares…

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of research questions in mixed methods studies. First, we discuss the ways that the goal of the study, the research objective(s), and the research purpose shape the formation of research questions. Second, we compare and contrast quantitative research questions and qualitative research…

The value of variance is emphasized, and the element of design, frequently not adequately understood, is clarified to underscore the importance of variance to the researcher. Two analytic methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression, are discussed in terms of how each uses/applies variance. Advantages and major difficulties with…

The problems inherent in analyzing data in which subjects are "nested" within hierarchical units (such as classrooms or schools), and thus are not independent of one another, are addressed through the use of Joreskog's LISREL model for analyzing covariance matrices. A solution to the problem is proposed and illustrated using data from…

The construction and interpretation of confidence intervals for the prediction of new cases in multiple regression analysis is explained. An example is provided. (JKS)

The usual interpretation of suppressor effects in a multiple regression equation assumes that the correlations among variables have been generated by a particular structural model. How such a regression equation is interpreted is shown to be dependent on the structural model deemed appropriate. (Author/JKS)