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Revisiting the Triadic Classification of Learning Activities: Rethinking Their Measurement
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Jan Kalenda; Ellen Boeren – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2025
International organisations have measured adult learning participation since the 1990s, using surveys like the Adult Education Survey (AES) and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). These surveys employ a 'triadic' classification of learning activities -- formal (FAE), non-formal (NFE) and informal learning…
Descriptors: Classification, Adult Education, Adult Students, Participation
Assessing the Status of Lifelong Learning: Issues with Composite Indexes and Surveys on Participation
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Rubenson, Kjell – International Review of Education, 2019
A quick review of national policy documents reveals how lifelong learning has evolved as the key principle for a comprehensive education and learning strategy from cradle to grave. This raises major challenges for how to assess and report the state of lifelong learning in UNESCO Member States. It is in this context that this article critically…
Descriptors: Lifelong Learning, Adult Education, Adult Learning, Adults
Assessing Adults' Skills on a Global Scale: A Joint Analysis of Results from PIAAC and STEP. OECD Education Working Papers. No. 230
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Keslair, François; Paccagnella, Marco – OECD Publishing, 2020
This paper illustrates similarities and differences between two international surveys that assess adults' skills: the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the Skills Towards Employment and Productivity (STEP) survey. In particular, the paper highlights the issues that can arise for researchers interested to…
Descriptors: Adults, Skills, Surveys, Global Approach