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Estimating and Reporting Clinical Significance in Counseling Research: Inferences Based on Percent Improvement
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Lenz, A. Stephen – Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 2020
A guide for professional counselors and counseling researchers for calculating and interpreting Percent Improvement as an indicator of clinical significance is provided. Strategies for reporting findings are described and illustrated. Guidelines for contextualizing discussions of clinical significance within the boundaries of psychometric evidence…
Descriptors: Counseling, Research, Computation, Improvement
The Efficacy of Nonbehavioral Individual Marital Therapy.
Morscheck, Thomas Lee – 1986
Individual marital therapy (IMT) is therapy in which one or both spouses are treated separately by different therapists who do not communicate with each other about treatment. Gurman and Kniskern (1978) reported an improvement rate of 48% and a deterioration rate of 11.6% for nonbehavioral IMT. These outcome data and the conclusions drawn from…
Descriptors: Counseling Effectiveness, Data Interpretation, Evaluation Criteria, Individual Counseling
Cognitive Bias in the Assessment Phase of the Counseling Process.
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Haverkamp, Beth E. – Journal of Employment Counseling, 1994
Assessment is described from the perspective of counselor inferential judgment. The problem with the conceptualization of assessment as a list of questions or measure is the possibility of getting stuck in the content of assessment. Types of cognitive bias and ways to avoid inferential error are discussed. (LKS)
Descriptors: Career Counseling, Career Development, Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Objectives
Some Arguments against Analyzing Client Change Graphically.
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Sharpley, Christopher F. – Journal of Counseling & Development, 1986
Although single-subject research techniques are valuable to counselors, analyzing change by graphs alone is open to major sources of error. Discusses these sources and explores the issues of serial dependency, unreliability of graphs, interjudge disagreement on graphed data, and the use of time-series statistics with relevance to the counselor in…
Descriptors: Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Techniques, Data Interpretation, Graphs
Psychotherapy Outcome, as Measured by the OQ-45, in African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Latino/a, and Native American Clients Compared with Matched Caucasian Clients
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Lambert, Michael J.; Smart, David W.; Campbell, Michael P.; Hawkins, Eric J.; Harmon, Cory; Slade, Karstin L. – Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 2006
Concern about the effects of counseling on ethnic minority clients has been repeatedly raised. Before embarking on a formal course of multicultural counseling sensitivity for counseling center staff, baseline client outcome data were sought as a method for evaluating the effects of this intervention. Archival data from a university counseling…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Counseling Services, Outcomes of Treatment, Guidance Centers
Career and Employment Counseling in Canada: The State of the Art. ERIC Digest.
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Hiebert, Bryan; Conger, Stu – 1995
A major survey of career and employment counseling in Canada was completed in 1993, with over 1600 counselors, department heads and managers of counseling centers, and regional directors working in career and employment counseling centers being polled. Survey results indicated: (1) there is a strong need for evaluation in all aspects of career…
Descriptors: Career Counseling, Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Services, Counselor Evaluation