This article describes a collaborative project across three institutions to develop, implement, and evaluate a series of tutorials and case studies that highlight fundamental tools of data science--such as visualization, data manipulation, and database usage--that instructors at a wide-range of institutions can incorporate into existing statistics…

Information sources such as relational databases, spreadsheets, XML, JSON, and Web APIs contain a tremendous amount of structured data, however, they rarely provide a semantic model to describe their contents. Semantic models of data sources capture the intended meaning of data sources by mapping them to the concepts and relationships defined by a…

An ontology expresses a common understanding of a domain that serves as a basis of communication between people or systems, and enables knowledge sharing, reuse of domain knowledge, reasoning and thus problem solving. In Technology-Enhanced Learning, especially in Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning Environments, ontologies serve as…

Information models that represent the function, assembly and behavior of artifacts are critical in the conceptual development of a product and its evaluation. Much research has been conducted in this area; however, existing models do not relate function, behavior and structure in a comprehensive and consistent way. In this work, NIST's Core…

Background: The U.S. health care system has been under immense scrutiny for ever-increasing costs and poor health outcomes for its patients. Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) has emerged as a generally accepted practice by providers, policy makers, and scientists as an approach to identify the most clinical- and cost-effective interventions…

There are described methods used to minimize data files dimension. There are defined indicators for measuring size of files and databases. The storage optimization process is based on selecting from a multitude of data storage models the one that satisfies the propose problem objective, maximization or minimization of the optimum criterion that is…

A tutorial introduction to data models in general is provided, with particular emphasis on the relational and network models defined by the two proposed ANSI (American National Standards Institute) database language standards. Examples based on the network and relational models include specific syntax and semantics, while examples from the other…

Discussion of factors that influence a publisher's choice of electronic and media delivery techniques; assesses use of diskettes, Bernoulli removable cartridge disks, CD-ROM, modems using dial-up phone lines, leased phone lines, satellites, and FM subcarriers. Sample data sizings are evaluated, and a cost model of electronic delivery costs is…

Presents an improved inverted region quadtree variation called Dynamic Inverted Quadtree that is able to support and index a pictorial database. Pattern-searching algorithms are described, and the space needs of Fully Inverted and Dynamic Inverted Quadtrees are analytically compared based on a model of image randomness expressed as a branching…

A description is provided of a conceptual model for a data secure system. The discussion first offers a formal working vocabulary and next, using the intuitive idea of a dichotomy between permissible and impermissible accesses, formalizes the idea with an Extended Logical Data Base and with protection specifications and patterns. These…

This report describes approaches to database translation (i.e., transferring data and data definitions from a source, either a database management system (DBMS) or a batch file, to a target DBMS), and recommends a method for representing the data structures of newly-proposed network and relational data models in a form suitable for database…

Discusses data model role in an office filing facility, office data model requirements, and various modelling paradigms for office data modelling. Data model application to a typical collection of office data is presented, filing and retrieval operations are illustrated, and proposed research into other office data modelling aspects is outlined.…

The costs of creating and maintaining permanent files and retrieving keyword title indexes in TRIAL (Technique for Retrieving Information from Abstracts of Literature) are presented. This system, which is used for bibliographic control and file efficiency, is relatively easy to learn and use, and popular with school, academic, business, and…

This report considers universities as information systems because their effective operation is based on the storage, processing, and communication of various types of information. Three basic types of information systems (administrator-, teacher-, and researcher-oriented) are discussed in an attempt to understand each system's operation from the…

This report examines a series of general models that represent the process of merging records from separate files when it becomes essential to inhibit identifiability of records in at least one of the files. Models are illustrated symbolically by flow diagrams, and examples of each variation are taken from the social sciences. These variations…