Asserting that in order to determine the effectiveness of those in leadership positions accurately and fairly, an understanding of how individuals and groups of individuals construct their notions of effective leadership within complex organizations must be developed. This study sought to: (1) define and measure effective leadership empirically…

A growing body of literature has found that between women and men as leaders there are important differences in leadership styles, qualities, and priorities. Yet there are few studies that empirically examine the gender differences from a subordinate perspective, particularly in higher education. It is important to identify those factors that best…

As women begin to break through the midlevel ranks in academe, the empirical literature is beginning to emerge regarding the perceived differences in how women and men perform as leaders. Within this growing body of literature, researchers have found that there are important differences in the leadership styles, qualities, and priorities that…

The intent of this study is to present a systematic approach for evaluating the leadership effectiveness of deans and directors. We demonstrate the utility of multilevel structural equation modeling to examine variance in faculty and staff assessments of effectiveness and discuss the relevance of our model from individual and institutional…