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Katerina Guba; Angelika Tsivinskaya – Studies in Higher Education, 2025
This paper explores the regulators' perspective and demonstrates how legitimacy deficits of private universities outweigh performance results in decisions regarding university inspections. We examined the period when the regulator had an urgent claim on Russian universities, particularly during the campaign to 'clean the system of higher…
Descriptors: Private Sector, Private Education, Universities, Private Colleges
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Makiko Kato – Journal of Education and Learning, 2025
This study aims to examine whether differences exist in the factors influencing the difficulty of scoring English summaries and determining scores based on the raters' attributes, and to collect candid opinions, considerations, and tentative suggestions for future improvements to the analytic rubric of summary writing for English learners. In this…
Descriptors: Writing Evaluation, Scoring, Writing Skills, English (Second Language)
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Yuichiro Yokouchi – Language Testing in Asia, 2025
The performance decision tree (PDT; Fulcher et al., 2011) is a rubric style that is applicable to performance assessment, with origins in Upshur and Turner's (1995) empirically derived binary-choice, boundary-definition (EBB) scale. It is easier for raters to assess performance by evaluating multiple binary-choice descriptors. Additionally,…
Descriptors: Scoring Rubrics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Teachers