Learner Autonomy (LA) was considered irrelevant to Asian educational contexts, at least initially, due to Asian cultural norms characterised by conformity and respect for authority in general. This study seeks to highlight how Pakistani English language teachers and learners are engaging in certain practices of autonomy without consciously aiming…

Between 2006 and 2016, American universities experienced a significant decrease in student enrolment in foreign language (FL) courses. This decrease corresponded with the dissolution of over 650 foreign language programmes between 2013 and 2016. Using self-determination theory (SDT) as its theoretical framework, this study sought to advocate for…

English language teaching theories, approaches, and methodologies overlook the complexities of teaching the mixed proficiency language classroom (MPLC). This is evident in the low number of English language teaching books that directly address this topic in their content, leaving language teachers without any guidance on strong principles to face…

In contrast to the waning interest in learning languages other than English (LOTEs) worldwide, mainland China is pursuing to diversify LOTE education because of the 'Belt and Road Initiative.' In response to language policy shifts, individual stakeholders in local contexts such as universities have to take actions to initiate LOTE programs or…