Academic planning in higher education is strongly influenced by business management theories and practices. The author questions the usefulness of this approach because the nature of higher education differs from the nature of a profit-making business. However, rational planning to achieve efficiency is relevant if efficiency is not confined to…

Seven local government organizations are evaluated in terms of their ability to search out and respond to the properties of the external environment; to use their resources to produce outputs and to maintain and restore the system; and to bargain and optimize their use of resources with other decision-makers. (Author/MLF)

The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Model for Competency Based Education (CBE) Assessment Programs is designed to assist state and institutional decision-makers in the cost analysis of alternative assessment strategies in CBE programs. The general model indicates stages of decision-making related to the use of various assessment strategies within the…