In recent decades, efforts to diversify Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields have relied on a variety of recruitment and retention programs designed to improve access and outcomes of traditionally underrepresented populations. Examining how such programs emerge within institutions of higher education in the United States…

Principals must be instructional leaders in their schools in order to adhere to federal, state, and local mandates as well as being able to discern that the programs for students with disabilities are being developed and implemented with fidelity to meet the needs of those students. The transition a school goes through to include students with…

The architects of public resource allocation systems have put forth Planning Programming Budgeting Systems (PPBS) as a more rational method of managing the Federal establishment because PPBS allows identification of governmental objectives and reduces the opportunity for perpetuation of an enterprise which may no longer be necessary. Advantages of…

The application of Planning Programming Budgeting Systems (PPBS) techniques to decision making and resource allocation practices has been utilized by Federal civilian agencies under Presidential directive since 1965. The application of PPBS by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare is discussed and experimentation by the State Department…

This paper discusses the nature, scope, and limitations of the Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education's Planning and Management Systems Program (WICHE-PMS). (1) It summarizes the goals of the program which are the improvement of (a) higher education institutional management, (b) statewide coordination, and (c) decisionmaking processes…

The theme of this document is that programmatic decision making can be carried out effectively only if appropriate kinds of information are made available. If an institution knows its objectives, it can define a course of action for the years ahead. Through use of a cost simulation model, it can forecast the resource implications of that plan.…

College and university faculties and students often dislike being reminded that the organization of which they are a part is an economic enterprise. Yet, each individual college and university is an economic entity, substantially concerned with obtaining and utilizing economic resources. In the process of getting and spending, colleges and…

In this paper the authors argue that the decision structures of educational institutions are multi-level, multi-decision-maker hierarchies which can be described and analyzed in decision theoretic terms and that these multi-levels, multi-decision-maker hierarchies can be reduced to equivalent one-level, one-decision-maker formulations, which can…

A vocational teacher, assessing the significance of the new federal legislation for Florida teachers, reviews techniques that can be applied to the decision-making process of vocational educators responsible for the allocation of dollars to various vocational programs. (JT)

Presents some basic concepts and examples regarding finances and education that reflect effective leadership strategies; summarizes findings from a recent national study of cost accounting in continuing education; presents some generalizations pertinent to decision making regarding financial issues; and emphasizes the importance of taking…

Limited resources and competing demands are forcing statewide planners and decisionmakers to become increasingly concerned with program approval and review. One new element is the review of existing programs as states find it necessary to consider program additions in concert with program terminations. The prospect of declining or stable…

The central issue of this document is the question of how the nation's human resources can be helped to play their most effective role in development and of the extent to which this role includes some share in decision making, both in the preparation of plans and in their implementation. Emphasis is placed on the use of national planning…

Considered are the nature and extent of some of the basic conflicts that arise when two, future-oriented, decision-making processes--institutional program planning/resource allocation and collective bargaining--are both present on the same campus. The identified conflicts come from the experiences of a university that was one of the first in the…

A set of procedures were developed which assist in structuring tasks and objectives in a manner to permit rational decision making. The model uses a jury of experts to rank various objectives and program processes in terms of their importance. Values are generated which relate to costs in the form of a utility-cost ratio. The model was tested in a…

Educators must recognize the inadequacies of their planning, programing, evaluation, and budgeting systems. When these are redeveloped, PPBS will produce the cost/effectiveness data they are really capable of. (WM)