Many researchers have attempted to assess power in marital dyads. Specifically, the question of which spouse carries the most power has been frequently examined. Confusion between spouses in decision-making roles, number of marital arguments, and self-esteem of spouses were examined in this study. Data were gathered from 31 married couples from…

Previous research on marriage indicates that perceptions of control are important to marital satisfaction. To investigate the relationship between attributions of personal control and other variables in marriage, e.g., measures of satisfaction, decision making, and task performance, and attributions of control over decisions and tasks, and to…

Research with a two-dimensional model of power strategies used in intimate relationships has found that men are more likely to report using direct bilateral strategies, while women are more likely to report using indirect, unilateral strategies. The relationships among sex-role, self-concept, and the power strategies used in intimate relationships…

Little is known about the power strategies adolescents view as effective in influencing an intimate partner to have or avoid having sexual intercourse. These strategies were examined in a pretest survey of 203 adolescents who reported their agreement or disagreement with strategies used to have protected sex or to avoid having sex with a…

A study explored the relationship between romantic love and decision making power in college students' dating relationships. W. Waller's theory that the person who is "least in love" gains power over the person who is relatively "more in love" was tested in terms of C. Safilios-Rothchild's typology of "Orchestration…

Investigated gender differences in psychological problems--decision anxiety, life-goal awareness, and others--in the career decision-making process (CDM) of 1,006 college students. Results indicated no gender differences in global levels of problems in CDM. Some specific difficulties, such as life-goal awareness and authority orientation, were…

Numerous studies indicate that an individual's perception of internal or external control over life events ("perceived locus of control") is a personality variable that influences the perception of a situation as threatening or stress-inducing. Whether for reasons of personality or because of "situational powerlessness," the…

Interviewed 311 four- to 9-year-olds of various cultures to explore how they perceived and experienced activities, roles, responsibilities, and relationships with peers and teachers in school. Found that school created conflict in terms of competing demands of pleasing teachers versus pleasing oneself. Liking school was associated with enjoying…

The entire population of teachers (N=132) in 10 small schools (fewer than 350 students grades 7-12) and 17 other secondary teachers involved in innovative projects were surveyed by questionnaire to examine personal and organizational factors that might explain teachers' receptivity to change. Both groups responded to scales of receptivity to…

This study first reviews research on factors that influence the ways individuals make decisions, such as the size of an organization and its structure, the nature of the power coalitions within the organization, and certain traits such as risk-taking, self-concept, and gender. The study interviewed 33 administrators at varying levels within six…

Aspects of problem-solving measured here are delay of gratification, field-dependence independence, and the relection-impulsivity dimension. The following hypotheses are proposed (1) Those subjects who score high on externality will not delay gratification as those who score low, but they will score lower on measures on field-independence than…