Effective action in educational development is dependent upon an adequate consideration of requisite variety. An adequate consideration of requisite variety includes a delineation of the information field appropriate for the decisionmaking system. An interaction of the information domain with each state of development, state-set, and whole would…

Describes systems management, the coordination of information flows among the functional areas of business as an aid in the decision-making process. (Author)

From the systems viewpoint, educational planning is the mechanism through which the educational system makes its goals specific and adapt its priorities, resources, and operational patterns to the changing environmental forces of its particular society. The systems-oriented administrator is a change agent and innovative strategist who delegates…

Objectives of the study (summarized in Chapter I) were (1) to propose a task-oriented viewpoint in which the scientist actively participates as an integral part of the system in performing research tasks, (2) to identify major system planning decisions and criterion concepts for use in evaluation of proposed information systems, and (3) to…

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR SOLVING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS--(1) THE SYSTEMS CONCEPT, (2) THE RELIABILITY OF THE ASSUMPTIONS ON WHICH THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IS BASED, (3) THE LIMITATIONS INHERENT IN THE SYSTEMS APPROACH, (4) THE HUMAN ELEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SYSTEMS APPROACH, (5) THE WAYS THE…

A mathematical model, using the vector maximization technique, is developed to study the underlying structure of a set of cost/benefit alternatives. (Author)

A systems theory approach to information requirements in education and in evaluation strategies is applied to decision making. Educational decision making itself involves long range planning, system structuring to implement goals, system allocation (cost), and system monitoring which provides the feedback. Each level requires differential…

When one engages in organizational diagnosis, it has been suggested that greater understanding of the organization can come through: (1) an identification of all the channels conveying material and information, and (2) a description of the means by which this communication influences the behavior of the organization. A networks/system approach is…

This pamphlet presents a general description of the systems approach as applied to education, and gives verbal and mathematical model examples of its application in educational administration. The basic aims of the systems approach are to (1) identify major objectives of a program plan, (2) define programs that can effect the planned goals, (3)…

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of systems analysis as applied to the development of a program evaluation plan. A brief review of selected concepts in evaluation theory (Lee J. Cronbach; Michael Scriven; Robert Stake; Daniel Stufflebeam), a description of general systems theory, the development of a…

Four alternative designs for educational systems are sketched consonant with existing and potential scientific and technical knowledge and are contrasted with the prevailing generic educational system and each other. Systems are compared for relevance and productivity, for information contained in their proficiency tests, and for their capability…

The system approach to planning and managing educational change features the use of an adaptive framework and a strategy for planned system change. The approach focuses management attention upon (1) relevant future states of expectations or goals, (2) present and future state variables and contexts, (3) human organization factors, and (4)…

An approach to skills analysis is described in which strategy and processing skills sufficient for task performance are represented as an information-processing routine. Each step in the routine is viewed as a utilization of a processing mechanism or primary process. Definitions of these processes represent hypotheses about the psychological…

A demand for more and better education has driven educators to seek the help of systems analysis in the process of decision making. Basic to the entire systems notion is the concept of a model, a simplified but controllable version of the real world. The systems approach, once the problem is defined, is to specify the subfunctions and…

Program budgeting is an effective tool in helping school administrators and faculty to draw up budgets which reflect their own needs and those of their clients. The "systems approach" can be used to draw up a program budget systematically. Part I outlines systems concepts and the systems approach as they can be applied to education. Also, the…