This paper is written to propose and describe a set of four criteria for the empirical evaluation of psychiatric classification. (Author)

Clarifies the idea of information by dividing the range of definitions into different parts and identifying several points of misunderstanding. The discussion covers the sciences relating to the concept of information; the nomenclatures of informatics, informatology, information science, and information sciences; and the multidimensional…

When 96 mothers and 46 fathers of 6- or 13-month-old infants independently generated behavioral cues they believed contributed to their perception of their infant's recent easiness/difficultness, few systematic differences were found between easy and difficult infants, 6- and 13-month-olds, males and females, and firstborn and later-born.…

A survey of state departments of education revealed wide variations in mental retardation terminology, definition, and classification variables. Demographic characteristics based on summary data for states on variables such as per capita income, educational level, and rate of illiteracy were highly related to school system prevalence. (Author)

Argues that the item of first priority in general semantics research is to come up with a coherent framework for the overall organization of general semantics studies, and offers a few thoughts on beginning the search for a solution to this problem. (GT)

A framework for integrating the many conceptions of criterion-referenced testing is provided, which illustrates that there is no single type of test that can be identified as the prototype criterion-referenced test. The use of one kind of criterion-referenced test may not be applicable to another. (Author/RL)

Examines concepts and types of organizational commitment and factors common to all commitments. Conceives of commitment as a single, fundamental construct that varies in focus, terms, and time-specific evaluation. (SK)

The term "adult education" was used in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Melvil Dewey developed a typology of adult education, and Henry Leipziger promoted New York City's Free Lectures program as an institute of liberal adult education. Leipziger's advocacy was largely responsible for the diffusion of the new term in its…

Lists the classifications of 3,856 institutions of higher education under the Carnegie Foundation's new classification system. Includes text of the category definitions and lists institutions alphabetically by state, with new and, when different, old classifications. (DB)

This introduction to a special issue on postmodernism and behavior disorders discusses problems with the definition of postmodernism, including the trend for people to label whatever they wish as postmodern, the inability to separate postmodern from the modern, and the subjectivity of defining which ideas are about "reality" or "truth." (CR)

This article examines recent discussion about changing the term "mental retardation" within the broader framework of three distinct processes: naming (terminology), defining, and classifying. The current status of each process is described, especially as represented in the 1992 American Association on Mental Retardation manual. Guiding…

This discussion of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) points out ICIDH merits, applications, and problems concerning definitions of basic terms of the ICIDH. It suggests that the model of the consequences of disease underlying the ICIDH should be developed further to a…

This rebuttal of a response to the author's original article on improved classification of stuttering in the context of disability, impairment, and handicap, stresses that the model originally proposed carefully distinguishes the two major aspects of stuttering and offers definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap consistent with the…

It is considered that television as a medium presented a great incentive for change to the global political movement in 1968. In those years, television achieved a notable level of power in terms of its informative, educational and political activity. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the communicative power of…

The terms goals, objectives, and functions are differentiated and classified based on the particular meanings each term represents in the field of education. The importance of understanding the distinctions is emphasized. (EC)