The three-dimensional design and production technologies are today widely used in many fields. Automotive, health, art and education, and especially architecture and engineering are among the prominent examples. The three-dimensional design technology can be categorized into two dimensions: design and production. The first of these dimensions,…

3D models derived from actual molecular structures have the potential to transform student learning in biology. We share findings related to our research questions: 1) what types of interactions with a protein folding kit promote specific learning objectives?, and 2) what features of the instructional environment (e.g., peer interactions, teacher…

A looming paradigm was used to determine what depth information infants process in addition to that provided by the expansion of a single, closed contour of an object. A total of 18 male and 15 female infants aged 22-48 days watched a film in which the circular elements and inter-element spaces of the projected image alternately expanded and…

An effective way to teach the concept of image is to give students a model of human vision which incorporates a simple mechanism of depth perception. In this study two almost identical versions of a curriculum in geometrical optics were created. One used a mechanistic, interpretive eye model, and in the other the eye was modeled as a passive,…

This study concerns children's understanding of spatial relationships and their expression in drawings and photographs. Sixty children (ages 5, 8, and 11) were asked to discriminate and reproduce three types of depth relationships in either drawings or photographs: enclosure, where a larger object is placed directly behind a smaller object;…

Reported are three series of experiments analyzing the development of the visual function of infants. The first experimental series was aimed at the investigation of infants' reaction to moving objects. The second experimental series dealt with the analysis of the development of binocular vision in infants. The goal of the third series was to…

Technological advancements in television images have resulted in an increase of media imagery. One cause of people's fascination with the new media technology is the constant utilization of depth axis staging. The visual elements that make up the image are often placed within the Z-axis, moving rapidly toward or away from the viewer, often…

Television wide-angle lenses expand distances and increase apparent velocity, while long lenses compress space and reduce apparent velocity. Based on these assumptions, a study was conducted (1) to examine the ability of viewers of different ages to recognize how lenses change the "real world" they project and (2) to extend Jean Piaget's…