This longitudinal study investigated the loss of Education Consolidation Improvement Act Chapter 1 services and its effect on student achievement in Austin Independent School District schools desegregated by court order through school pairing or revision of school attendance boundaries. The achievement of two groups of kindergarten through third…

A study of the effects of gender, race, and participation in the Chapter 1 program on the achievement gap between students in grade 3 (mandated busing year) and grade 4 (after termination of busing) for 434 students in Norfolk (Virginia) indicates declines in achievement test score for both African-American and white students. (SLD)