Background/Context: This article employs critical policy analysis as it examines the historical underpinnings of racialized policy discrimination in Detroit. It considers histories, discourses, and oppressive structures as it seeks to understand how policies have been and currently are implemented by Whites in predominantly Black urban areas.…

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the events which developed in Kalamazoo, Michigan and Evanston, Illinois during the transitional period in which the public schools in each community moved from segregated to desegregated systems. One of the school districts resisted desegregation and was forced with a court order to desegregate its…

This report describes the current status of racial isolation in Michigan's public elementary and secondary schools, and details the progress which has been made in moving toward educational equality and racial desegregation in both individual schools and in school districts. Guidelines developed for providing integrated education within districts…

During 1968 the board of education of Kalamazoo, Michigan appointed a committee on desegregation and charged the group with developing a master plan with target dates for desegregating all levels of the public school system. The committee recommended a detailed three page program that was to lead to total desegregation of local schools by…

This is an interview with Carl Candoli, School Superintendent of the Lansing, Michigan, School System, and one of the chief authors of the Cluster Plan for desegregation, which emphasized busing. (Author/AM)

Notes that white flight is not universal: it depends upon the city as context. (Author)

Notes that the strong and persistent under current of opposition to bussing among parents in the Pontiac schools creates a barrier to meaningful integration of the schools, even though it does not interfere with desegregation. (Author/AM)

In a factory city that responded explosively to bused integration, author finds the system working and the children happy." (Editor)

To determine the effects of busing, this study compared 1971/72 enrollments in the public schools in Kalamazoo and Pontiac, Michigan with enrollment size and trends between 1966 and 1970. (Author/SF)

Desegregation, particularly court ordered busing, has been viewed independently of the complex historic and economic factors in which these policies are rooted. By focusing on the educational aspects of a social or political change the importance of various other factors which operate outside the school but which influence school programs and…

Discusses the Pontiac, Michigan public schools, which have been desegregated by federal court order since September 1971, noting that since the court order requires classroom, faculty, and administrative ratios to reflect the community, policy formation has been shared to some extent, and many more opportunities to make equal status contacts among…

Shortly after the Kalamazoo Public Schools adopted an extensive desegregation plan based on a two-way busing approach patterned after the Berkeley California Schools, a study designed to reveal strengths and weaknesses of the proposed plan was commissioned. It was originally intended to collect appropriate baseline data prior to desegregation and…

Investigated participation in high school clubs and organizations by Black and White students before and after the implementation of court ordered desegregation in three cities. Found that participation of both groups is lower in schools that have undergone relatively rapid shifts in racial composition. (Author/GC)

The Flint public school system, Michigan's second largest, has adopted an aggressive magnet school plan but the project has fallen short of ending segregation in the city's classrooms. (Author/AM)

These reports on school integration in Pasadena (California), Tampa-Hillsborough (Florida), Charlotte-Mecklenburg and Winston-Salem/Forsyth (North Carolina), and Pontiac (Michigan) are based on interviews and material gathered by Commission on Civil Rights staff members from January 10, 1972, through March 29, 1972. In each school district staff…