This article reviews the literature evaluating the impact of school choice programs on racial integration. Evidence on the impacts of magnet schools, voluntary busing programs, open enrollment practices, charter schools, and voucher programs is reviewed. The literature is mixed on this question, finding that the impacts of choice on racial…

This research explores the historical development of African American teacher and principal hiring and placement in Columbus, Ohio, from 1940 to 1980. In 1909, the Columbus Board of Education established Champion Avenue School creating a de facto segregated school to educate the majority of African American children and to employ Black educators.…

Desegregation marked the beginning of a long period of loss of Black teachers within the profession. First, Black teachers were not hired in desegregated schools, and then as other professional opportunities opened up in society, fewer Blacks entered the teacher pipeline. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize research relevant to…

The scope of court desegregation orders depend on the nature and extent of the constitutional violation. The major desegregation cases are reviewed in terms of judgments and court-ordered solutions. In the cases of deliberate segregation over a long period of time, the liability of the school districts was high. (VM)

Seven papers commissioned by the National Institute of Education in order to clarify the state of recent knowledge about the effects of school desegregation on the academic achievement of black students are contained in this report. The papers, which analyze 19 "core" empirical studies on this topic, include: (1) "What Have Black Children Gained…

The evidence regarding the effects of school desegregation upon black student achievement remains inconsistent and inadequate, despite the production of a large number of empirical investigations. It is proposed that social scientists abandon traditional research models of the school desegration process, and instead attempt to observe and…

Through a review of school desegregation in Los Angeles, discusses issues that arise where desegregation is multiracial and Hispanics form a significant proportion of the student population. Reviews the literature on Hispanics in desegregated settings and suggests the effects that school desegregation might have on Hispanic social and educational…

This review brings together 21 studies on the long-term effects of school desegregation on the life chances of African American students. These studies draw on perpetuation theory, a macro-micro theory of racial segregation. They support the idea that interracial contact in school can help blacks overcome perpetual segregation. (SLD)

This paper examines some of the relationships among honor, race and Southern culture from the perspective of the late Richard M. Weaver. His work is noted for its breadth and unity of focus, but its breadth invites fragmentation, a tendency reinforced by Weaver's style of writing self-contained essays. Weaver's foundational analysis, "The…

The discretionary aspects of disciplinary practices coupled with the cultural differences between Black students and their teachers largely explain the racial disparity in disciplinary measures. Many of these differences, based on new frames of cultural and social reference established by Blacks during the 1960s, have not yet been adequately…

This paper reviews what is known about the impact on student achievement after schools are desegregated. The primary purpose of this review is to identify children that may be in need of special help during the transition to the desegregated environment and to determine the type of help needed to enhance their achievement. The use of test scores…

This paper reviews research related to desegregation and achievement in an attempt to determine the effects of desegregation on the academic achievement of black and white students. The review is organized into three sections: (1) the pre-Coleman era which includes discussions of desegregation and academic achievement prior to 1966; (2) a summary…

Desegregation does not appear to be a significant factor promoting learning. Rather, more individual attention to students in the schools and educational support and stimulation at home (irrespective of race or social status) can greatly boost student achievement. (Author/GC)

Examines research demonstrating that forced busing does not guarantee equal education or raise minority achievement. Advocates a first choice, free transportation system to fulfill the intent of Brown v. Board of Education. (SK)

Reviews school desegregation literature to assess how well existing research provides information on school desegregating effects. Identifies disparities in methods and other characteristics among different studies and explores areas for improvement in the methodology and theory of future work. (Author/MJL)