Supreme Court requirements that "specific intent" to discriminate must be shown should not apply to school segregation cases. The injury in school segregation cases is based on racial isolation itself and hurts only Blacks, unlike job discrimination cases like Washington v. Davis where Blacks are disproportionately, but not solely,…

This paper discusses the experiences of the author as an expert witness directly involved in litigation on desegregation. Using four court cases, it points out differences between social science and the law that restrict the use of social science testimony in public school desegregation cases. Four interrelated elements that contribute to this…

This document presents the Supreme Court decision on the legal suit between the Austin Independent School District and the United States. It is a response to the school system's petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the fifth circuit. The Court of Appeals had ruled that extensive cross-town transportation was…

This document presents the proceedings of the hearing before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor to amend the Emergency School Aid Act. The proposed act is titled the School Integration Innovation Act of 1976. It provides for innovative desegregation programs and procedures.…

Reports on a United States District Court's 1983 findings and injunctions regarding segregation and desegregation in the higher education systems of the following States: Arkansas, Georgia, Virginia, Oklahoma, Florida, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri, and Delaware. (GC)

After the Supreme Court in Milliken V. Bradley determined that an interdistrict remedy for de jure segregation in the Detroit school system exceeded the constitutional violation, and remanded the case for formulation of a decree, the District Court promptly ordered submission of desegregation plans limited to the Detroit school system. After…

Court decisions relating to bilingual education in the United States are synthesized and analyzed. In addition to cases relating specifically to language of instruction, those dealing with desegregation and racial or ethnic discrimination are reviewed. In decisions involving the teaching of foreign languages in elementary school, during the period…

Court cases dealing with school desegregation have become increasingly complex over the years. The major portion of this paper highlights six of those cases, which provide a picture of the shifting positions of the federal judiciary on the subject. The purpose of the discussion is to allow school administrators to incorporate the current law into…

In light of certain legal paradoxes following the 1954 "Brown versus Board of Education" Supreme Court decision, this article reflects on developments relating to desegregation, individuals with disabilities, and women. Unfortunately, schools are becoming more segregated, disabled individuals' employment picture remains dismal, and women…

Twenty-six years ago, racial segregation imposed by law was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in "Brown v. Board of Education." This paper discusses the historical background of Brown and what has followed after it. The impact of Brown and other court decisions on education is explored together with a discussion of the…

This essay takes up two separate but related issues: how the courts have resolved disputes over race and schooling and how they should resolve such disputes. This essay is in reply to a related essay, in which another author identified the consequences of what he perceived as a minimalist judicial role and called for greater exercise of…

This publication provides a State by State listing of court cases dealing with school desegregation. Each entry is listed alphabetically by State and includes a brief statement concerning the case and/or its status. (EB)

To halt "white flight" to the suburbs occurring since a 1969-70 court decision imposed cross-town busing, neighborhood schools should be reinstated. The board's decision was challenged by the United States District Court, upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals (Fourth Circuit), and may become a Supreme Court case. (MLH)

Traces the judicial history of the Supreme Court's ruling in "Jenkins" that federal judges have the authority to order local governments to increase taxes to pay for the cost of integrating a school system. Praises the Supreme Court for acting when state laws and local taxpayers fell short of providing the necessary funds to implement a…

A board member describes the school desegregation background and present circumstances in St. Louis, Missouri. Students are entering the seventh year of a controversial voluntary desegregation plan in which some 12,000 students are bused to predominantly White schools in the suburbs. (MLF)