This research explores the historical development of African American teacher and principal hiring and placement in Columbus, Ohio, from 1940 to 1980. In 1909, the Columbus Board of Education established Champion Avenue School creating a de facto segregated school to educate the majority of African American children and to employ Black educators.…

The United States Congress' Southern Congressional Delegation promulgated the Declaration of Constitutional Principles, popularly known as the Southern Manifesto, on March 12, 1956. The Southern Manifesto was the South's primary means to effectively delay implementation of public school desegregation as ordered by the United States Supreme Court…

As of summer 2012, there are 31 interdistrict magnet schools in the Greater Hartford region of Connecticut, including those at The Learning Corridor (a 14-acre compound with roughly 1,570 students in attendance among an elementary, middle, and two high schools), enrolling about 13,000 students and supported by a mix of state, local, and…

In 1982 civil rights activist Rev. Jesse Jackson criticized President Ronald Reagan's attacks on busing to coerce school desegregation for targeting "not the bus, but us." Two decades later, the United States Supreme Court ended the thirty-two-year-old Charlotte, North Carolina, plan which had launched the era of court-ordered busing…

This paper reviews what is known about the impact on student achievement after schools are desegregated. The primary purpose of this review is to identify children that may be in need of special help during the transition to the desegregated environment and to determine the type of help needed to enhance their achievement. The use of test scores…

A discussion of the fiscal impact of court-ordered desegregation on the Milwaukee (Wisconsin) public schools delineates the conditions and costs for the program from 1976 to 1979. The court order affected 75 percent of the district's students. In response the school district established a number of specialty schools and provided for the busing of…

The various forces, various branches of the federal government in confusing and conflicting ways that have constructed and influenced the Hispanic identity and educational status are suggested. Hispanics are a significant percentage of the United States of America's population and are becoming a greater percentage everyday.

This report describes the academic achievement trends of students in Denver's elementary schools from 1994 to 2000. It begins with a brief introduction to the original 1973 Keyes decision and the path to its conclusion in 1995. It then presents a chronology of the standardized measures of academic achievement used by the Denver Public Schools and…

This volume records the text of the 1975 hearing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights held to examine the program and plans for the desegregation of Boston's schools. Developments surrounding the implementation of Phase I as ordered by the Federal district court in 1974 are discussed. Also explored are the plans for the…

Argues why U.S. Judge Russell Clark, who is presiding over the Kansas City desegregation case "Jenkins v. Missouri," is an example of an imperial judiciary at its worst. The article explains how the cost of the judge's desegregation plan has adversely affected Missouri's budget for 18 years, has caused undue hardships on its population,…

In this paper we study the long-term labor market implications of school resource equalization before Brown and school desegregation after Brown. For cohorts born in the South in the 1920s and 1930s, we find that racial disparities in measurable school characteristics had a substantial influence on black males' earnings and educational attainment…

The author was in the seventh grade at the Newsome Training School in Aubrey, Arkansas when the Supreme Court handed down "Brown v. Board of Education" on May 17, 1954. His most powerful memory of the "Brown" decision is that he has no memory of it being rendered or mentioned by his parents, teachers, or preachers. In his rural…

Explores the legacies of desegregation in cities that have a predominantly black municipal leadership. Focuses on policies in the District of Columbia and discovers a pattern relevant to similar cities. That pattern includes a tendency to isolate education issues from other municipal concerns and a reluctance to involve the courts. (MJP)

Examines school desegregation programs from an administrative point of view and notes those successes and failures. Argues that, although school desegregation may be poorly implemented and unpopular, it remains the best hope for removing racial barriers in this country. (MJP)

Compares Federal court-ordered school desegregation plans in urban and rural Tennessee school districts. Indicates that approaches differed with varying district characteristics. Suggests that community responses to plans were influenced by such factors as racial composition; customs; leaders' attitudes; environmental and economic conditions; and…