This collection of papers and case studies emphasize what citizens should know in order to plan for either court ordered or voluntary desegregation. Chapter one describes lessons about planning and community education from communities that have recently undergone desegregation. Chapters two and three outline the Constitutional basis for…

Presents an overview of the problems surrounding racial integration and school busing in Boston. Five conclusions are drawn. (DW)

The fourth year of federal court desegregation (1977-78) promised stability and continuity to the Boston public schools. Instead it brought confusion, frustration and anger, although there have been no serious disruptions inside the schools for the first time since desegregation began in 1974. (Author/AM)

Compares school desegregation in Dallas and Boston. Demonstrates how, in Dallas, successful leadership styles have brought about public acceptance of and community involvement in the desegregation process. (GC)

This book concentrates on the experiences, personal insights, and big events that made up the battle to desegregate the public schools in Boston, Massachusetts. It also gives the historical background of the struggle. In 1965, Massachusetts passed the first state law against de facto segregation, the Racial Imbalance Act. It was not enforced. On…

In 1954, in the "Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka" decision, the United States Supreme Court declared that "to separate [black children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in…

This volume records the text of the 1975 hearing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights held to examine the program and plans for the desegregation of Boston's schools. Developments surrounding the implementation of Phase I as ordered by the Federal district court in 1974 are discussed. Also explored are the plans for the…

Focuses on four topics: (1) the Irish stronghold of South Boston; (2) the role of the Boston School Committee in the lack of enforcement of pro-integration legislation; (3) four types of by-products of the bussing issue--political implications, violence, the changed meaning of bussing, and parental fears; and (4) the implementation of Boston's two…

Concepts and methods of geography are applied to the study of school desegregation in this paper. Beginning with a spatial/temporal view of desegregation, the key legal events which have charted the course of desegregation are reviewed, and geographic patterns over time are examined. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the…

This report provides an overview of school desegregation efforts in Boston, Massachusetts. Background information on the city and its school system is provided. Included are demographic statistics about the Boston area, a description of the major components of the educational structure at the local and State level, a review of the history of…

Early one morning, September 8, 1965, Operation Exodus unfolded. Poor black parents, with much community support, initiated a school busing program whereby several hundred black children of all ages between five and 14 were to be bused from nearly all-black schools in the black community to predominantly or all-white schools in surrounding…

This book contains reports on ten school districts' responses to court ordered desegregation. The book begins with an historical background and a discussion of racial politics and community conflict. Following the introduction are the ten case studies, whose titles reveal the city and issues under examination: (1) "Boston, Massachusetts:…

This study of the reaction to forced busing in Boston (Massachusetts) that emerged in 1974 illustrates the persistence of race and class discrimination and the counterproductiveness of some imposed solutions. It is focused on white antibusing groups and the complexities of opposition to busing. Racism is essential to understanding the Boston…

The initial black community response to the desegregation plan submitted by the School Department is contained in this document. The principal purpose is to make clear to the court that in evaluating this plan, or any other, improvements in the quality of schooling is sought. Efforts to rid the Boston schools of discriminatory pupil placement are…

The purpose of these hearings was to hear testimony on an amendment to the Emergency School Aid Act proposed by Senator Jackson. This amendment would provide 50 million dollars in discretionary funds to the Commissioner of Education. These funds could be used in areas having special problems with school integration. Testimony was given on the…