In the 1950s, camps benefitted from society's renewed wealth and vigor but also saw the beginnings of racial strife. An illustrative article from 1958, "Points To Remember in Planning for Integrated Camping" (Ray Finley), discusses integration fears and provides tips for preparing staff to carry out integration policies. A 1959 chart…

The Supreme Court's recent legal reinterpretation of desegregation requirements for "de jure" segregated states and its finding (in "United States vs. Fordice") of continued segregation in Mississippi is being used by civil lights activists to compel redesign of effective remedies, monitor progress, and increase racial…

As a means of achieving a unitary school system, a mandated busing policy was implemented by the Norfolk, Virginia, public school system in 1986. This study examined the extent to which individual characteristics, school characteristics, and busing affected the student achievement gap between the busing and postbusing years. Methodology involved…

Seattle's voluntary desegregation plans have included a voluntary racial transfer program, a plan to improve middle schools in the central area, and a magnet school program. Their ineffectiveness has led civil rights organizations to complain to the federal government. Community sentiment against court-ordered desegregation revolves around the…

Beginning with the initial attempts to implement the educational provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, this book provides an analytical, historical overview of school desegregation from the mid-sixties through the Carter Administration. Asserting that national interest in desegregation waned as the United States concentrated on the Vietnam War,…

The significance, purpose, and undercurrents of the Detroit school desegregation case "Bradley v. Milliken" are examined in a look at the 19-year history of Detroit's court-ordered desegregation plan. At present, school desegregation does not appear to be a priority in Detroit. (SLD)

The 60-year effort to desegregate Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) public schools has not succeeded. Despite a 1977 State court order to desegregate and the implementation of the Modified School Desegregation Plan, Black and minority group students still encounter discrimination, unfairness, and abuse in Philadelphia schools, and the Plan's promises…

This monograph reviews the history and examines the current status of school desegregation with respect to major court decisions and their impact on educational policy. Discussed are the Brown v. Board of Education case of 1954 and subsequent Supreme Court and lower court decisions, busing, involvement of the executive and legislative branches of…

This study of the reaction to forced busing in Boston (Massachusetts) that emerged in 1974 illustrates the persistence of race and class discrimination and the counterproductiveness of some imposed solutions. It is focused on white antibusing groups and the complexities of opposition to busing. Racism is essential to understanding the Boston…

The 1968-69 school boycott in Hyde County (North Carolina) was one of the most sustained and successful protests of the civil rights movement. For a year, the county's black citizens refused to send their children to school in protest of a desegregation plan that required closing two historically black schools in their remote coastal community.…

This book examines the history of 20th century racial segregation in Kentucky higher education, the last state in the South to enact legislation banning interracial education in private schools and the first to remove it. In five chapters and an epilogue, the book traces the growth of racism, the period of acceptance of racism, the black…

Provides a historical overview of desegregation policies, approaches, and priorities through an analysis of legal developments and strategies since 1850. Discusses the implications of the reassessment and redirection on equity and educational excellence that have occurred over the past decade. (FMW)

Discusses the resistance of both Blacks and Whites to the federally mandated integration of the Louisiana State University system and an end to its "separate but equal" policies. Emphasizes the role of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). (FMW)