As a well-established, evidence-based intervention for social anxiety disorder, at the core of exposure-based therapy lies a careful consideration of the context(s) in which clients' symptoms and impairments manifest (Raggi et al., 2018). Indeed, the latest evidence on the "active ingredients" of change within exposure-based therapy…

Introduction: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at significant risk of developing emotional trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to altered neuropsychological functioning, increased chance of experiencing adverse life events, difficulty expressing emotions, diagnostic overshadowing and institutional failures. Eye…

People with developmental disorders (DD) often display high levels of selective eating, which can result in micronutrient deficiencies. It is therefore essential to explore ways to increase dietary variety in this population. To identify different types of interventions promoting increased acceptance of new foods or dietary variety for DD…

This study aimed to critically review all studies that have set out to evaluate the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for people diagnosed with both intellectual disability (ID) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Searches of the online databases Psych Info, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane…

This literature review focuses on the confirmed, suspected, and speculative effects of violent and non-violent video game exposure on negative and positive outcomes. Negative outcomes include aggressive feelings, aggressive thoughts, aggressive behavior, physiological arousal, and desensitization, whereas positive outcomes include various types of…

An overview of the behaviorally-oriented fear reduction methods for children is presented. Systematic desensitization and related procedures, flooding-related therapies, contingency management approaches, modeling procedures, and self-control methods are discussed after reviewing normative and prevalence data regarding children's fears. Research…

Relaxation training is employed in relation to systematic desensitization treatment of phobias and as a direct means of dealing with tension and anxiety. Suggests that the greatest benefit may be derived when the procedures are viewed as developing coping skill and are directly related to the individual's daily living situation. (Author)

Behavioral literature on childhood fears, including conceptual models, normative research, and fear-reduction studies is reviewed. (Author/MP)

Since 20% of all college students experience communication apprehension (CA), the developmental student, distinguished by lower than average academic scores, may also experience this inhibiting fear of communication. Characteristics of the developmental communication apprehensive student indicate that a program for overcoming communication…

Highlights the methodological issues pertinent in the design of studies to evaluate the treatment outcome of rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. The wide range of interventions for the treatment of postrape sequelae are reviewed, and special attention is given to cognitive-behavioral interventions because they have been subjected to more…

Behavioral and cognitive behavioral stress management interventions aimed at school-related stress for students and teachers are reviewed. Schools may be sources of stress because they provide a context in which performance and relationship demands are made. School psychological services may promote the emotional and physical health of…

Two levels of prevention can be used to counter the key stressors of personnel at work; the first deals with organizational techniques and the second with individual techniques such as systematic desensitization, biofeedback, or aerobic exercise. (Author)

Although fearful avoidance of school is a complex and serious problem among school-age children, there are techniques available to professionals for assisting children to overcome school-related anxiety. It is important for school personnel to identify school-phobic children and to assist in planning the earliest possible intervention. (Author)

Presents two viewpoints for helping students with severe communication anxiety and avoidance problems: one based on traditional speech pedagogy; the other based on behavioral clinical psychology. Argues that in most cases the two viewpoints complement rather than contradict each other. (JMF)

Many psychological and physiological disorders may have some etiology in an unconstructive response to anger. Still others may be exacerbated by repressed or suppressed anger. Anger is often a problem for clients seeking therapy, yet psychologists have little research upon which to develop a viable therapeutic approach. While skills in…