Purpose: The present descriptive-analytical study aimed to rank the barriers of the application of the value chain in the context of rural entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: The statistical population was composed of 125 entrepreneurs from the provinces of Tehran, Hamedan, and Golestan, Iran. Data were analyzed by the TOPSIS technique.…

Purpose: Why do farmers not take better care of their soils? This article aims to give insight into how farmers look at soil quality management. Design/methodology/approach: It analyses diverse land management practices and visions on soils and soil quality of ten agroecological and 14 conventional smallholder farmers in Araponga, Minas Gerais,…

Argues that an effective industrialization strategy must include measures to improve the lot of rural workers and keep them in the countryside. Suggests a combination of measures to increase the flexibility of real urban industrial wages and to create income-generating opportunities for the rural poor. (Author)

A first attempt is made to place in perspective the accumulated experience of nearly 20 years of community development activity in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to stimulate further inquiry into community development practice, process, and theory in order for it to become a more effective instrument in the…

Assuming that schools, colleges, and adult education programs cannot alone produce significant rural improvement in developing nations, this booklet presents argument for educational policy that is part of a total planned rural policy and that incorporates an indirect rural bias. It is argued that if education with a rural bias is to be acceptable…

From a report of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, presents the ingredients for a development program to help the world's poorest countries and people meet basic human needs. The program should include provisions for productivity and employment, food security, health services, lower rates of population growth, and…

Calling for an international educational policy that would relate all education to the rural world and agriculture, this book is directed toward the developing nations and maintains: all citizens must be made aware of the importance of agriculture in the process of socioeconomic development; rural subjects should be included in education in…

Designed to assist rural planners and policy makers of developing countries in the use of nonformal education programs, this book analyzes the findings of a two-year irternational research study. Emphasizing a functional view of education and equating education with learning, the focus is on: (1) preplanning diagnosis, (2) educational delivery…

Women's vulnerability to increased landlessness and other economic factors has created a need in most developing nations for year-round, rural, non-agricultural employment opportunities for women. Census data from 56 Third World countries reveal that women are generally underrepresented in the paid labor force and overrepresented in the…

Assuming that education and rural development must be correlated, this booklet defines the general thrust for rural education programs in developing countries. The 1st of 4 sections briefly describes the various aspects of rural development (emphasis on integration of agriculture, industry, transport, trade, credit, health, education, culture,…

Using library search, structured interviews, mail questionnaires, and personal observations, Kenya's Farmer Training Centre (FTC) Program (a 30-year old experimental rural development strategy) was assessed in terms of its curriculum. How structured courses are utilized within the FTC program should be of interest to administrators, trainers, and…

The paper examines family planning and nutrition needs as well as education and employment while exploring ideas of how an integrated approach is possible in promoting quality of both the reproductive and productive sphere of women's lives. It is suggested that understanding women's differential role will make it possible for planners, policy…

In much of the nonindustrialized world, women are the main providers of water, fuel, food, and other basic necessities, and thus often play the part of environmental managers. Because they are more directly connected to the environment, women are the most directly affected by environmental degradation, yet rarely have women been heard in…

A preliminary investigation into the World Bank's support of non-formal education in less-developed countries discusses the role of education in the development process, the Bank's concern with education, and its funding of non-formal education projects. The Bank's involvement in education projects is described, from support for upper division…