The purpose of this paper is to analyze the increasing migration of African tribal members to urban centers and the resulting redefinition of cultural norms, social pressures, and human needs. First, several misconceptions about African societies are examined by briefly reviewing Africa's tribal history. Next, the phenomenon of tribalism is…

This study reviews evidence that overall within-country inequality, although showing no trends from 1960-80, increased after 1980-85, focusing on developing and transitional countries. It explores trends in rural-urban, intrarural, and intraurban inequality of income, poverty risk, health, and education, and the offsetting trends in inequality…

This report reviews the "Seers Report," which contained policy guidelines for modern development planning in Zambia, and compares its findings to recent findings during the period 1963-1970. The Seers Report found that Zambia was the most urbanized country in Africa south of the Sahara (excluding South Africa). This report finds that…

This survey paper will deal primarily with the following two issues: (1) How to cope with the growth of the metropolitan Lima area, and the current and future stresses on its social and physical environment, and (2) How to develop, if it is possible and desirable to do so, other urban growth poles in the country which will relieve the…

Chile is unique in its geography and urban concentration, its political history and its present governmental structure. These features are examined in this survey report. Topics for discussion include: (1) The Instruments of Planning, (2) The Planning and Development Structure, (3) The Move to Integrated Economic Space, (4) The Chilean…

This paper attempts to analyze contemporary Moroccan attitudes and policies toward the cities by tracing their antecedents, and by describing their evolution. It is structured around four central questions about Morocco's urban policy. (1) What exactly did the "French tradition" and the "French influence" entail in regard to…

After reviewing the urban demographic facts and prospects for India as a whole, this report asks one basic question: Who, in the Indian polity, is responsible for urban government and urban development? As with the other country reports in this series, the main objective is to understand the national perception of the place of urban development in…

The primary intentions of this report are to describe urbanization in Thailand to the extent that available information permits, to relate it to development and development planning, and to identify gaps in current knowledge that are likely to become significant in the formulation of future policies and programs. The first section,…

This report presents a brief review of the programs of the international assistance agencies in the field of urban and regional development. It covers the major activities of the last decade or so, and assesses the posture of the agencies at the start of the Second Development Decade in relation to urbanization in the less developed countries. The…

This report is intended as a contribution to the International Urbanization Survey, initiated by The Ford Foundation. The Survey is designed to review and assess experience in the complex problems posed by the rapid growth of urban centres throughout the developing countries. The terms of reference used here were broadly taken to be as follows: to…

Two articles on the urbanization of Kenya are presented in this survey. The first one, "Urbanization Trends and Prospects," by Luigi Laurenti, states that urbanization has only recently been recognized as a problem of some importance in Kenya, and this recognition is far from comprehensive. Consequently, public policy--and especially…

After a prolonged period of unplanned expansion and administrative neglect, Kingston is now suffering the social and physical consequences of unattended urbanization. Increasingly Kingston's problems in coping with its rapid urban growth are a deterrent to Jamaica's social and economic advancement, and this calls for greater efforts in…

Since the end of the Second World War, the development of Nigeria has been marked by rapid commercial, manufacturing and urban growth concentrated in three main areas: (1) the southwest, the port-city and Federal capital of Metropolitan Lagos; (2) the north, a central close-settled zone which embraces the cities of Kano, Zaria and Kaduna; and (3)…

Urbanization is sometimes defined as a process of population concentration that requires both growth in the size of cities and multiplication of their numbers. This demographic approach seems to neglect two other important aspects of urbanization: namely, economic and social. The economic dimension consists of structural change in the productive…