In the concept of early childhood education and care (ECEC), certain foundational principles stand out as vital and of paramount importance for ensuring ideal child development through different stages during the age of 1-5 years. While rooted in extensive research and best practices, the following five principles serve as guiding lights for…

The construct of this inquiry had been drawn from the lensing of developmental progression of children in the College of Human Ecology Nursery Development Center. This work sought at presenting an index showing how children perform the basic tasks expected of them in terms of motor, self-care, and play skills using the development checklist.…

Adolescence is a period of heightened emotionality. If the adolescents cannot perceive, understand, regulate and function with their emotions it will leave indelible marks on their behaviour and personality. During adolescence (age 12 to 18 yrs), the transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent,…

English is accepted as a universal language across the world. Its popularity is increasing drastically almost in all sectors. People speak this language, to unify themselves in this diverse world. Overall, the aim of teaching English, as a second language is to encourage the learners to sharpen the skills of communication, for both academic and…

In a general sense, psychology is a science that studies human and animal behaviours, and the reasons of these behaviours. The symbolic foundation date of psychology is 1879. In this year, Wilheml Wundt (1832-1920) established a psychology laboratory in Leipzig. Psychology is accepted to have started as a science with the establishment of this…

The purpose of this study is to reveal the perceptions of today's children surrounding play. A phenomenological method was used in the research, designed qualitatively for the purpose of revealing pre-school-aged children's perceptions of play in their pictures. A total of 97 children being educated in two different preschools in the fall term of…

The purpose of this study is investigating the convenience of cartoon films with respect to the developmental levels of pre-school children. Content analysis, one of the techniques of qualitative research, was used in the study. 10 cartoon films, five local and five foreign, showed in Turkish television channels from the year of 2014 to 2015 were…

This paper is a follow-up on our 2017 study of the effect of Age of Onset of learning English (AO) on the academic performance of University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) students in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS). It investigates the relationship between three factors in the students' Early Language Education {Age of Onset of…

This petition is about two of the traditional three R's - reading, writing, and arithmetic; it concerns learning letter formation and learning to read, both of which require continuous interplay between the different perceptual attunements of central and paracentral areas of the retina. This interplay, managing the field of view between zooming-in…

Self-esteem has been regarded as one of the most pivotal component in almost every day human daily activities. Trajectory of self esteem development means that on the average, one's self-esteem is relatively high in childhood, then drops during adolescence, later to arise gradually throughout adulthood, and then declines sharply in old age. The…

This project focused on the creation of curriculum that would support writing development for emergent writers aged 5 to 7 years old. The research-base of the project explored how beginning writers can be scaffolded in their attempts to learn how to write. Past research was also examined to discover how emergent writers can be engaged in…

Few, if any, researchers would deny the existence of the developmental stages of language learning. However, there are questions about the applicability and the importance of the stages in pedagogy. Up to this point, these questions regarding the ESL (English as a second language) stages have never been addressed in a Japanese post-secondary…

The purpose of creating a developmental (i.e., vertical) score scale is to make it possible to compare students in terms of differences in magnitude. In other words, the scale should have interval properties. When this has been accomplished one can claim to measure growth in a sense that is both coherent and meaningful. In this paper I argue…

Though its popularity has waxed and waned, cloze continues to be regarded as an instructional strategy for the fostering of reading comprehension. This article takes the view of cloze as one tactic in support of strategy instruction, rather than a strategy in its own right. In contrast to the formulaic applications of cloze for assessment…

In his monumental research, although Piaget primarily relayed information about children's developmental stages of cognitive growth, Marian Marion goes on to discuss not only the developmental stages, yet focuses on how children think. In her textbook, "Guidance of Young Children", Marion conveys how teachers need to understand children and help…