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Computer Vision Analysis Captures Atypical Attention in Toddlers with Autism
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Campbell, Kathleen; Carpenter, Kimberly L. H.; Hashemi, Jordan; Espinosa, Steven; Marsan, Samuel; Borg, Jana Schaich; Chang, Zhuoqing; Qiu, Qiang; Vermeer, Saritha; Adler, Elizabeth; Tepper, Mariano; Egger, Helen L.; Baker, Jeffery P.; Sapiro, Guillermo; Dawson, Geraldine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019
To demonstrate the capability of computer vision analysis to detect atypical orienting and attention behaviors in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. One hundred and four toddlers of 16-31 months old (mean = 22) participated in this study. Twenty-two of the toddlers had autism spectrum disorder and 82 had typical development or developmental…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Toddlers, Video Technology
Altered Dynamics of the fMRI Response to Faces in Individuals with Autism
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Greenson, Jessica; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Abnormal fMRI habituation in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has been proposed as a critical component in social impairment. This study investigated habituation to fearful faces and houses in ASD and whether fMRI measures of brain activity discriminate between ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Two identical fMRI runs presenting masked…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Antisocial Behavior, Human Body
The Relationship between Early Neural Responses to Emotional Faces at Age 3 and Later Autism and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents with Autism
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Neuhaus, Emily; Jones, Emily J. H.; Barnes, Karen; Sterling, Lindsey; Estes, Annette; Munson, Jeff; Dawson, Geraldine; Webb, Sara J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Both autism spectrum (ASD) and anxiety disorders are associated with atypical neural and attentional responses to emotional faces, differing in affective face processing from typically developing peers. Within a longitudinal study of children with ASD (23 male, 3 female), we hypothesized that early ERPs to emotional faces would predict concurrent…
Descriptors: Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Human Body, Severity (of Disability), Cognitive Processes
Early Behavioral Intervention Is Associated with Normalized Brain Activity in Young Children with Autism
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Dawson, Geraldine; Jones, Emily J. H.; Merkle, Kristen; Venema, Kaitlin; Lowy, Rachel; Faja, Susan; Kamara, Dana; Murias, Michael; Greenson, Jessica; Winter, Jamie; Smith, Milani; Rogers, Sally J.; Webb, Sara J. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: A previously published randomized clinical trial indicated that a developmental behavioral intervention, the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), resulted in gains in IQ, language, and adaptive behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder. This report describes a secondary outcome measurement from this trial, EEG activity. Method:…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Autism, Young Children, Intelligence Quotient
Association between Amygdala Response to Emotional Faces and Social Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Weaver, Kurt; Johnson, L. Clark; Greenson, Jessica; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Difficulty interpreting facial expressions has been reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is thought to be associated with amygdala abnormalities. To further explore the neural basis of abnormal emotional face processing in ASD, we conducted an fMRI study of emotional face matching in high-functioning adults with ASD and age, IQ, and…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Brain, Emotional Response, Autism
A Replication of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Revised Algorithms
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Gotham, Katherine; Risi, Susan; Dawson, Geraldine; Tager-Flusberg, Helen; Joseph, Robert; Carter, Alice; Hepburn, Susan; McMahon, William; Rodier, Patricia; Hyman, Susan L.; Sigman, Marian; Rogers, Sally; Landa, Rebecca; Spence, M. Anne; Osann, Kathryn; Flodman, Pamela; Volkmar, Fred; Hollander, Eric; Buxbaum, Joseph; Pickles, Andrew; Lord, Catherine – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008
A study replicated the module comparability and predictive ability of the revised algorithms of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in an independent dataset of children with autism. Results indicated that the revised ADOS algorithms improved module comparability and predictive validity for autistic children than the earlier…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Observation, Autism, Children
Brief Report: Biochemical Correlates of Clinical Impairment in High Functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Weaver, Kurt E.; Liang, Olivia; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
Amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a critical contributor to social impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study investigated biochemical abnormalities in the amygdala in 20 high functioning adults with autistic disorder or Asperger's disorder and 19 typically developing adults matched on age and IQ. Magnetic resonance…
Descriptors: Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Brain, Adults
Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders during Face Processing
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Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Sterling, Lindsey; Stegbauer, Keith C.; Mahurin, Roderick; Johnson, L. Clark; Greenson, Jessica; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth – Brain, 2008
Abnormalities in the interactions between functionally linked brain regions have been suggested to be associated with the clinical impairments observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated functional connectivity within the limbic system during face identification; a primary component of social cognition, in 19 high-functioning…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Recognition (Psychology)
Familial Autoimmune Thyroid Disease as a Risk Factor for Regression in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A CPEA Study
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Molloy, Cynthia A.; Morrow, Ardythe L.; Meinzen-Derr, Jareen; Dawson, Geraldine; Bernier, Raphael; Dunn, Michelle; Hyman, Susan L.; McMahon, William M.; Goudie-Nice, Julie; Hepburn, Susan; Minshew, Nancy; Rogers, Sally; Sigman, Marian; Spence, M. Anne; Tager-Flusberg, Helen; Volkmar, Fred R.; Lord, Catherine – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2006
A multicenter study of 308 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was conducted through the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism (CPEA), sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, to compare the family history of autoimmune disorders in children with ASD with and without a history of regression. A…
Descriptors: Risk, Children, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Comparative Analysis
Event-Related Potential (ERP) Indices of Infants' Recognition of Familiar and Unfamiliar Objects in Two and Three Dimensions
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Carver, Leslie J.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Dawson, Geraldine – Developmental Science, 2006
We measured infants' recognition of familiar and unfamiliar 3-D objects and their 2-D representations using event-related potentials (ERPs). Infants differentiated familiar from unfamiliar objects when viewing them in both two and three dimensions. However, differentiation between the familiar and novel objects occurred more quickly when infants…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Infants, Cognitive Processes, Diagnostic Tests
Event-Related Brain Potentials Reveal Anomalies in Temporal Processing of Faces in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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McPartland, James; Dawson, Geraldine; Webb, Sara J.; Panagiotides, Heracles; Carver, Leslie J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: Individuals with autism exhibit impairments in face recognition, and neuroimaging studies have shown that individuals with autism exhibit abnormal patterns of brain activity during face processing. The current study examined the temporal characteristics of face processing in autism and their relation to behavior. Method: High-density…
Descriptors: Autism, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Human Body, Cognitive Processes
Young Children with Autism Show Atypical Brain Responses to Fearful versus Neutral Facial Expressions of Emotion
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Dawson, Geraldine; Webb, Sara J.; Carver, Leslie; Panagiotides, Heracles; McPartland, James – Developmental Science, 2004
Evidence suggests that autism is associated with impaired emotion perception, but it is unknown how early such impairments are evident. Furthermore, most studies that have assessed emotion perception in children with autism have required verbal responses, making results difficult to interpret. This study utilized high-density event-related…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Age, Autism, Brain