Even as per capita income has increased across the United States, differences among states' incomes remain. What are the sources of these remaining differences? This Commentary identifies and analyzes the key factors--patents, educational attainment, and industry structure--that influence income-growth rates and thus per capita incomes. It also…

Malcolm Knowles laments the paucity of "thinking, investigating, and writing about adult learning" in the opening sentence of his theoretical framework of "Andragogy" (1998, p. 35). Knowles' central argument is that we learn differently as adults from how we learn as children, so we should tailor adult education accordingly. Knowles highlighted…

Reviews a recent paper by Levy (1982) which concluded that a new format of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was valid for autistic children. Claims the analysis was inappropriate and presents a statistical test to compare differences between independent mean differences. Includes a reply by Stine Levy. (Author/JAC)

Data from 1954 to 1978 on White people's attitudes toward racial desegregation of the public schools demonstrate that the level of tolerance diminishes as the potential proportion of Blacks in a desegregated school increases. Further, differences in tolerance among demographic subgroups persist over time. (Author/GC)

Using a nonlinear differential equation model based on ecological theory to explain differences in the speed of expansion in national systems of education, suggests that organizational expansion in large, geographically decentralized systems follows a process of logistic growth with a ceiling set by environmental resources. (Author/GC)

The use of improvement scores to measure gain or growth in physical education presents serious problems, particularly in terms of units of measurement for the improvement scores. An exponential method is presented which converts increases of different sizes and from different starting points into comparable terms. (JMF)

The Biglan model and its tests are reviewed. While the model has attractive features and may even reinforce popular opinion about differences among departments or subject areas, further investigations are necessary before broad propositions or generalizations can be advanced. (MLW)

Programs for the gifted typically offer an increased workload or linear acceleration of subject matter. Gifted children really need a qualitatively different curriculum that considers their preferred learning styles. This article discusses relevant research findings and suggests ways of incorporating them into a gifted program. (WD)

A mid-1970s study of the characteristics of pregnant unmarried mothers who keep their children and those who surrender them for adoption discloses some differences from the characteristics of such mothers in the late 1960s and early 1970s. (CM)

Argues that the phrase "library science" is an oxymoron and that the term "librarianship" is correct. Suggests that library science and information science are now completely different fields. An information access model is proposed that can be used as a vehicle for unification and integration. (JMV)

Surveyed senior-, mid-, and entry-level student affairs administrators in higher education about their perceptions of organizational change. Found that significant differences existed among different levels of administrators regarding their perceptions of planning and implementing organizational change, suggesting that senior-level administrators…

Pulls together research on the nature of higher education teaching and learning across the different disciplines. Provides scope for future macro, meso, and micro level studies to seek explanations for systematic disciplinary differences. Suggests how this research can be used to inform institutional and government policy. (Contains 52…

Researchers (Jehng, Johnson & Anderson, 1993; Paulsen & Wells, 1998) have suggested that it is possible to divide disciplines into categories such as "applied" vs "pure". They believe that significant differences exist between the epistemological beliefs of students studying "applied" disciplines to those studying "pure" disciplines. This study…

Application of recently developed rhythmic measures to passages of read speech in colloquial and formal Tamil revealed some significant differences between the two varieties, which are in diglossic distribution. Both were also distinguished from a set of control data from British English speakers reading an equivalent passage. The findings have…

Two studies compared the speech and nonspeech sequence skill learning of nine persons who stutter (PWS) and nine matched fluent speakers (PNS). Sequence skill learning was defined as a continuing process of stable improvement in speed and/or accuracy of sequencing performance over practice and was measured by comparing PWS's and PNS's performance…