The author finds that Canadian progress toward lifelong learning and adult literacy has not been satisfactory, mainly due to the fragmentation inherent in provincial systems of education and to the lack of federal leadership. (SJL)

Queried 571 elementary school principals in 12 states to determine: (1) the frequency of nontraditional (combination and nongraded) classes; and (2) changes in the use of combination classes during recent years. Found that although combination classes represented 17% of California classrooms, most states contained only 3 to 7%. Nongraded classes…

Investigates the theory that differences in well-being and emotional distress may be a function of gender-role socialization--especially the masculine sex role orientation. Findings indicate that sex role socialization is related to differences in occupational strain and coping, and that the masculine orientation has adaptive significance for the…

Addresses deficiencies in the analysis of whole-day schools in Germany. Notes regional disparities in the supply and efficiency of the schools. Proposes changes in plans for expanding whole-day schools and outlines parental preferences for the programs. Presents conclusions about future educational planning and school development. (SG)

Explores the application of postmodern assumptions in the study and analysis of comparative higher education. Outlines tenets of postmodernism that provide a competing conception to modernism with regard to knowledge production, identity, and the role of the university. Offers suggestions about how postmodernism might reorient comparative higher…

Compared the self-reported research anxiety, computer anxiety, and research orientations of 149 full-time graduate social work, psychology, and business students at a research university. Found that social work students reported more research and computer anxiety and generally believed that research was less important to their profession that…

Analyzed student reflection papers from a service learning course and uncovered the benefits reported by student participants; also found similarities in responses despite students' higher or lower performances in the course. (EV)

Surveyed faculty and students at a Scottish university about their perceptions of the purpose, nature, and procedures of student assessment. Found significant differences between them in their perceptions, which may suggest that while faculty declared a commitment to the formative purposes of assessment, actual practice did not support this. (EV)

A "Chronicle" survey of the pay and benefits offered to research and teaching assistants revealed a widening gap between public and private institutions. (Includes a table of stipends for graduate assistants at top research universities, and profiles of several graduate students' financial situations.) (EV)

Previous studies report geographic variation in the use of home care services. In the province of Manitoba, home care is a core service that Manitoba's twelve regional health authorities (RHAs) are obligated to deliver. Manitoba's RHAs range from remote northern and rural southern regions to a major city, resulting in different challenges for…

In theory, not-for-profit organizations will be characterized by higher production costs per unit of output than for-profit producers of otherwise-identical goods/services, since profit maximization implies cost minimization per unit of output; breaking even does not imply cost minimization and, indeed, may imply inflated costs. We explore the…

This paper describes a small-scale piece of research identifying which aspects of the EP role are considered valuable by SENCos and by EPs themselves. In addition, both groups were asked to identify whether they felt these aspects were uniquely offered by EPs or whether other professionals offered similar or identical services. The differences…

Philosophers of biology have long argued that Darwin's theory of evolution was qualitatively different from all earlier theories of evolution. Whereas Darwin's predecessors and contemporaries explained adaptation as the transformation of a species' ''essence,'' Darwin explained adaptation as the selective propagation of randomly occurring…

This meta-analysis investigates differences between the effect sizes of physical punishment and alternative disciplinary tactics for child outcomes in 26 qualifying studies. Analyzing differences in effect sizes reduces systematic biases and emphasizes direct comparisons between the disciplinary tactics that parents have to select among. The…

Department of Health policy currently espouses shared learning between the various health "tribes". There are many cogent arguments for this; however, there may be unaddressed tensions because of status differences between the disciplines. This paper compares two of the main academic disciplines involved--nursing, a recent entrant to…