(NOTE: See HE 512 216 for journal name change information.) The effect of prestige, affiliation, region, and size on the presence of faculty unions in colleges and universities was investigated. The role of collective bargaining within these institutions is also discussed. (SF)

Introduced to aid writing, word processing can cause unexpected problems for those who use it. Describes four studies in which raters gave word-processed essays consistently lower scores than handwritten essays. Reasons for the discrepancies were higher expectations for typed essays, ease of spotting text errors in typed text, and more difficulty…

A study compared the attainment of national vocational qualifications (NVQs) in Scotland and other U.K. regions. Data from the Labour Force Survey and case studies indicate that Scotland underperforms England in the attainment of NVQs, suggesting improved performance in the achievement of academic and traditional vocational qualifications in…

Reviews "School Matters" by Peter Mortimore, a rigorous longitudinal study of the effects of elementary schools in London. Concludes that school differences influence student development, and explores the connections between school leadership, classroom life, and student cognitive and noncognitive development. (FMW)

Examines earnings differentials between male and female teachers, using data from the 1987 Schools and Staffing Survey by the U.S. Department of Education. The estimated cost of being a female teacher is 5% in annual contract salary. In the female-dominated teaching profession, despite regulated pay scales and other structures to ensure pay…

This paper will focus on Young's theories of heterogeneity, as they have developed from the essays in "Throwing Like a Girl" (1990) to those in "Inclusion and Democracy" (2000). Reading her theories of heterogeneity together with recent developments in political theory which seek to reclaim the agonistic and frictional aspects of polity and…

In this paper, we explore the divide between academics and teachers over the production and use of knowledge. Teachers' views (pre-service and inservice teachers from both Australia and the United States) on educational research are utilized to better understand and [re]vision this divide. These teachers overwhelmingly dismissed academic research…

Studies of the biology of music (as of language) are highly interdisciplinary and demand the integration of diverse strands of evidence. In this paper, I present a comparative perspective on the biology and evolution of music, stressing the value of comparisons both with human language, and with those animal communication systems traditionally…

This study measured parent-child interactions when parents picked up their children at an after-school day care center. It was hypothesized that parents from two-parent families would have better interactions with their children than single parents. The subjects of the study were 40 single parents and 40 parents from two-parent families, as well…

This study examined disciplinary differences in college teaching using data from a national study of peer review of teaching to look at values about teaching held by faculty in the contrasting disciplines of history and chemistry. Data for this study were from written exercises completed by faculty participants (14 historians and 12 chemists) and…

This paper reports on the sharp disparities in the supply of preschools across the 100 counties and 36 states included in this study. Three sets of factors help explain these inequities in child-care supply: (1) local patterns of wealth, poverty, and maternal employment; (2) the structure of families; and (3) government subsidy levels. Among the…

That the example of Prussia has played a crucial role in the development of public schools in the United States has long been commonplace among historians of education. There have been many writings reporting on visits to Prussian schools and whose accounts, like the "1834 Report on the State of Public Instruction in Prussia" by the…

This paper discusses a study of at-risk students in two highly contrastive schools, located in different districts, in order to illustrate the comparative perspective on how district and school characteristics might influence the definition of and response to at-risk students. The study is linked with a larger cultural context through an…

Characteristics that distinguish criterion-referenced tests from their norm-referenced counterparts are discussed, including: the purposes that they are designed to serve; the characteristics of the types of items that they contain; and the manner in which they are developed. More specifically, the distinguishing characteristics include: reference…

This booklet outlines existing and emerging career selection, reentry, and advancement opportunities for females throughout the European community. Existing educational and employment opportunities for males and females in various Western European nations are compared. New opportunities for girls and new occupations for women who are unemployed or…