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Direct linkLiu, Tzu-Chien; Lin, Yi-Chun; Wang, Tzu-Ning; Yeh, Shih-Ching; Kalyuga, Slava – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2021
Redundancy effect has been investigated in many controlled experimental studies, however, it is seldom investigated whether the same redundant material may cause different results in classroom, which is a major learning place for students. Considering that it is not easy to control the internal validity in classroom environment, this study…
Descriptors: Virtual Classrooms, Redundancy, Computer Simulation, Elementary School Students
Leslie, Kimberley Crompton; Low, Renae; Jin, Putai; Sweller, John – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2012
Two experiments using the science topics of Magnetism and Light were conducted with younger learners (Year 5) who had no prior knowledge of the topics, and older learners (Year 6) who had studied the topics previously. Half of the learners were presented the information in auditory form only while the other half were presented the auditory…
Descriptors: Expertise, Prior Learning, Redundancy, Age Differences
