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Lin, Jia – Foreign Language Annals, 2023
The "ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines" serve as a roadmap for foreign/second language (L2) instruction, assessment, curriculum development, and textbook writing. However, very little research has investigated the validity claims of the "ACTFL Guidelines." This study empirically verifies the difficulty hierarchy suggested by…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Guidelines, Language Proficiency, Reading Ability
Spino, LeAnne L.; Echevarría, Megan M.; Wu, Yu – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
The ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview--computer (OPIc) employs a self-assessment instrument to determine the nature of the speaking prompts to which the test taker will respond and, thus the difficulty of the test. Grounded in research demonstrating varying levels of accuracy in self-assessment among language learners, this study examines the…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Oral Language, Language Proficiency, Self Evaluation (Individuals)
Krashen, Stephen – Foreign Language Annals, 2021
The lack of citations of previous research is the result of serious problems all readers of scholarly publications have: (1) articles are unnecessarily long; (2) they are written in unnecessarily complex prose; and (3) journal subscriptions and books are very expensive. The solution: Short, clearly written scholarly papers, published in…
Descriptors: Writing for Publication, Citation Analysis, Citations (References), Scholarship
He, Xue – Foreign Language Annals, 2023
Chinese directional complement (DC) constructions, as a subtype of Chinese multiword sequences, are challenging to acquire for second language (L2) learners. However, little is known about L2 Chinese learners' acquisition of figurative DCs and their comprehension of literal and figurative DCs. This study investigated whether the acquisition of…
Descriptors: Phrase Structure, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Chinese
Rabie-Ahmed, Amr; Mohamed, Ayman – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
The present study compared individual and collaborative vocabulary learning through two types of reading-based pedagogical tasks in an online elementary Arabic classroom. Fifty-two beginner learners of Arabic completed a pretest, a story-based task (either multiple-choice or gap-fill) with embedded novel vocabulary, and two posttests over a 2-week…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Arabic, Second Language Learning, Learner Engagement
Golparvar, Seyyed Ehsan; Azizsahra, Mahsa – Foreign Language Annals, 2023
The impact of task complexity on integrated writing performance is under-researched. This study purports to investigate the effect of graph complexity and planning time on graph writing performance as well as graph description strategies. Ninety-six EFL learners of English were assigned into three groups to examine the effect of three planning…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Hayes-Harb, Rachel; Barrios, Shannon – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
The Hindi consonant inventory, which includes the cross-linguistically rare retroflex place of articulation and four-way laryngeal contrasts, is known to pose difficulties for native English speakers. Hindi language textbooks address this challenge, in part, by providing various articulatory and acoustic descriptions of Hindi consonants, typically…
Descriptors: English, Native Language, Indo European Languages, Phonemes
Payne, J. Scott – Foreign Language Annals, 2020
Sequencing language production activities based on the inherent cognitive load of each activity type can improve student performance and self-efficacy on high cognitive load language tasks like conversational speech (either face-to-face or via video chat). This ordering according to cognitive difficulty can scaffold learners in their development…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Online Courses, Instructional Design
Cox, Troy L.; Bown, Jennifer; Burdis, Jacob – Foreign Language Annals, 2015
This study investigates the effect of proficiency- vs. performance-based elicited imitation (EI) assessment. EI requires test-takers to repeat sentences in the target language. The accuracy at which test-takers are able to repeat sentences highly correlates with test-takers' language proficiency. However, in EI, the factors that render an item…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Imitation, Sentences, Correlation
Cox, Troy L.; Clifford, Ray – Foreign Language Annals, 2014
Because listening has received little attention and the validation of ability scales describing multidimensional skills is always challenging, this study applied a multistage, criterion-referenced approach that used a framework of aligned audio passages and listening tasks to explore the validity of the ACTFL and related listening proficiency…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Guidelines, Second Language Learning, Statistical Analysis
Robin, Richard M. – Foreign Language Annals, 2011
The researcher examined 54 oral proficiency interviews (OPIs) with L2 Russian speakers ranging from Intermediate High through Superior (predominantly Advanced Mid) for narrative as defined by Labov. Descriptors adapted from episodic analysis were also used. While the author found that OPIs provided relatively weak prompts for narrative, Superior…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Narration, Russian, Researchers
Serafini, Ellen J.; Torres, Julio – Foreign Language Annals, 2015
The demand for Spanish for specific purposes (SSP) university courses in the United States has prompted widespread curricular change in language departments over the last two decades (Klee, 2015; Sánchez-López, 2013). However, many instructors lack the tools and training needed to design SSP curricula that meet learners' communicative needs in…
Descriptors: Needs Assessment, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Majors (Students)
Clifford, Ray; Cox, Troy L. – Foreign Language Annals, 2013
The validation of ability scales describing multidimensional skills is always challenging, but not impossible. This study applies a multistage, criterion-referenced approach that uses a framework of aligned texts and reading tasks to explore the validity of the ACTFL and related reading proficiency guidelines. Rasch measurement and statistical…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Guidelines, Second Language Learning, Validity
Hayashi, Atsuko – Foreign Language Annals, 2009
This study compares student preconceptions and expectations of Japanese language learning from studies conducted in 1989 and 2004. Over the years, student interests and pedagogical approaches have changed. However, the changes do not reflect on the student preconceptions and expectations. They still believe in traditional approaches to language…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Student Interests, Learning Motivation, Japanese

Tuttle, Harry Grover – Foreign Language Annals, 1983
Practical suggestions are given for teachers wanting to improve classroom computer assisted instruction, including the use of title, instructions, error-proofing responses, feedback, prompts, remediation, personalization, scorekeeping, levels of difficulty, timing, and variety. (Author/MSE)
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Difficulty Level, Feedback, Individualized Instruction
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