The current study examines and evaluates the direct influence of perfectionism, self-efficacy, academic stress, and workload on students' learning outcomes. The study applied a quantitative survey approach. We implemented a survey as the data collection method. A sample size of 218 students was determined using *G-power to determine the sample…

This study tested the notion that the impact of clarity (i.e., structure) on learning is indirect and occurs, in part, through the reduction of cognitive load and subsequently through students' motivation to process instructional information. Two hundred fifty-two students were randomly assigned to one of two text-based lessons (clear or unclear)…

Background: In recent years, immersive virtual reality in education has garnered attention, however, there have been mixed findings on the efficacy of IVR in education. Thus, exploring which strategies are effective in transferring learning from IVR to real-world applications is imperative. Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of…

Stellar observation, encompassing the study of star formation, stellar properties, and the governing physical laws, presents a readily accessible topic for many learners; however, many stargazing beginners may find it challenging. By applying the supplemental Gollin effect within animated display and the haptic effect of game-like play with a…

Chapter 9A of the Norwegian Education Act obligates teachers to act upon any suspicion of deficits in the school environment. This cross-sectional study explores teachers' (n = 140) perceptions and motivations in terms of initiating cases according to 9A, considering both accountability and responsibility. Teachers' job satisfaction and…

Kudo and Mori, "Psychological Reports," 117, 631-642, (2015) used a presentation trick to covertly present a set of easier anagram tasks to 20 junior high school students while their 60 classmates observed more difficult tasks. These two samples were selected randomly, and their IQ scores counterbalanced. The target students outperformed…

Self-explanation prompts in example-based learning are usually directed backwards: Learners are required to self-explain problem-solving steps just presented ("retrospective" prompts). However, it might also help to self-explain upcoming steps ("anticipatory" prompts). The effects of the prompt type may differ for learners with…

Students process qualitatively and quantitatively different information during the dynamic self-regulated learning (SRL) process, and thus they may experience varying cognitive load in different SRL behaviors. However, there is limited research on the role of cognitive load in SRL. This study examined students' cognitive load in micro-level SRL…

Educational animation, recognized for its potential accessibility and engaging qualities, has become increasingly prevalent in classroom instruction. However, not all educational animations exhibit high quality or significantly enhance learning outcomes. This study addresses the need for optimizing educational animation design to enhance student…

In this study, the interrelations between locus of control, perceived social support, career decision self-efficacy, and career outcome expectations among international students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated through the lens of Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Based on structural equation modeling, data…

Recent research focusing on the sources of listening anxiety identified individual and external factors (IEF), listeners' control over input (LC), and perceived level of task difficulty (PTD) as the main causes of anxiety among L2 listeners. This correlational study aims to explore whether the sources of anxiety in L2 listening have a causal…

Despite extensive research on teacher evaluation, limited attention has been given to the lived experiences of visual and performing arts (VPA) teachers and the school-based administrators responsible for their evaluations. Existing literature highlights themes of administrator preparation, discipline-specific teacher evaluation, efficacy, and…

Despite growing interest in the inclusion of virtual reality (VR) in medical education, its full potential for immersive and interactive training remains underutilized, particularly in dermatology. As part of a multidisciplinary project, we tested the feasibility of integrating a VR training scenario for a complete skin cancer screening into the…

Self-efficacy, the beliefs learners hold about what they can do, develops largely from whether learners perceive and interpret their experiences as successful (i.e., perceived mastery). In mathematics, the relationship between perceived mastery and self-efficacy has been well established. Less is known about the factors that may influence…

Differentiated instruction (DI) is a pedagogical framework to which all students can be engaged in their learning and achieve academically in their schooling. While DI is for all students, there is little research in DI for students with learning difficulties, in senior-secondary schools in Australia. This research formed part of a larger study,…