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Jennifer Howse – ProQuest LLC, 2020
This study used corpus-based methodology to analyze what, if any, differences exist in the linguistic complexity of EdD and PhD dissertations in Educational Leadership. The study is conceptually framed around language variation within discipline and genre. The corpus created for this study, DISSCORP, was comprised of 200 dissertations, 100 EdD and…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Difficulty Level, Doctoral Dissertations, Instructional Leadership
Chili Li; Xue Wang; Long Qian – SAGE Open, 2025
The effectiveness of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials significantly influences the learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, positioning these resources as cardinal in the acquisition process. Despite this widely acknowledged significance, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the evaluation of key…
Descriptors: Syntax, Difficulty Level, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Xiaopeng Zhang; Xiaofei Lu – Language Learning, 2024
This study examined the relationship of linguistic complexity, captured using a set of lexical richness, syntactic complexity, and discoursal complexity indices, to second language (L2) learners' perception of text difficulty, captured using L2 raters' comparative judgment on text comprehensibility and reading speed. Testing materials were 180…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Decision Making
Flint, Kaitlyn; Spaulding, Tammie J. – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: The readability and comprehensibility of Learner's Permit Knowledge Test practice questions and the relationship with test failure rates across states and the District of Columbia were examined. Method: Failure rates were obtained from department representatives. Practice test questions were extracted from drivers' manuals and department…
Descriptors: Correlation, Readability Formulas, Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level
Dahl, Amanda C.; Carlson, Sarah E.; Renken, Maggie; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Reynolds, Erin – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: Complex features of science texts present idiosyncratic challenges for middle grade readers, especially in a post-Common Core educational world where students' learning is dependent on understanding informational text. The primary aim of this study was to explore how middle school readers process science texts and whether such…
Descriptors: Science Materials, Textbooks, Difficulty Level, Readability
Nese, Joseph F. T.; Alonzo, Julie; Biancarosa, Gina; Kamata, Akihito; Kahn, Joshua – Grantee Submission, 2017
Text complexity has received increased attention due to the CCSS, which call for students to comprehend increasingly more complex texts as they progress through grades. Quantitative text complexity (or readability) indices are based on text attributes (e.g., sentence lengths, and lexical, syntactic, & semantic difficulty), quantified by…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Readability, Sentence Structure
Solnyshkina, Marina I.; Zamaletdinov, Radif R.; Gorodetskaya, Ludmila A.; Gabitov, Azat I. – Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 2017
The article presents the results of an exploratory study of the use of T.E.R.A., an automated tool measuring text complexity and readability based on the assessment of five text complexity parameters: narrativity, syntactic simplicity, word concreteness, referential cohesion and deep cohesion. Aimed at finding ways to utilize T.E.R.A. for…
Descriptors: Readability Formulas, Readability, Foreign Countries, Computer Assisted Testing
Hiebert, Elfrieda H.; Pearson, P. David – Online Submission, 2010
This study considers the degree to which two quantitative indices--Lexiles and Coh-Metrix--discriminate across levels of difficulty and types of beginning reading texts. The database consisted of 444 texts, representing seven text types that are part of reading/language arts instruction. These text types were distributed across seven levels of…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Early Reading, Reader Text Relationship, Reading Instruction

Valdes, Guadalupe; And Others – NABE: The Journal for the National Association for Bilingual Education, 1984
Discusses how current procedures for selecting/constructing equivalent texts may lead to error because of their specific limitations; proposes the utilization of micro-propositional analysis coupled with word-frequency lists and readability formulas for constructing "matching" texts; presents some procedures which researchers working in…
Descriptors: Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, English, Multilingual Materials