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Sheehan, Kathleen M. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2017
Automated text complexity measurement tools (also called readability metrics) have been proposed as a way to help teachers, textbook publishers, and assessment developers select texts that are closely aligned with the new, more demanding text complexity expectations specified in the Common Core State Standards. This article examines a critical…
Descriptors: Reading Material Selection, Difficulty Level, Common Core State Standards, Validity
Pishghadamn, Reza; Abbasnejad, Hannaheh – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2016
Given the deficiencies of readability formulae as reliable tools for measuring text readability in educational settings, this study aims to offer a new measure to improve the current methods of testing the readability levels of texts through the incorporation of the newly-developed concept of emotioncy. To this end, a group of 221 students were…
Descriptors: Readability, Readability Formulas, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Response
McNamara, Danielle S.; Louwerse, Max M.; McCarthy, Philip M.; Graesser, Arthur C. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
This study addresses the need in discourse psychology for computational techniques that analyze text on multiple levels of cohesion and text difficulty. Discourse psychologists often investigate phenomena related to discourse processing using lengthy texts containing multiple paragraphs, as opposed to single word and sentence stimuli.…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Connected Discourse, Difficulty Level, Rhetoric
Fry, Edward – 1986
Even though readability formulas are being used more widely than ever before in schools, libraries, businesses, newspapers, and government, there are critics who argue against their use. Criticism includes blaming the formulas for the "dumbing down" of textbooks, for being poor writers' guides, and for not taking into account the background or…
Descriptors: Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Readability, Readability Formulas

Harris, Albert J.; Jacobson, Milton D. – Reading Teacher, 1980
Concludes that the Spache and Harris-Jacobson readability formulas are quite similar in variables used, in the way they were developed, and in statistical characteristics; notes differences in the Fry graph and raises questions about its suitability for measuring the readability of primary grade reading materials. (ET)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Primary Education, Readability Formulas

Fry, Edward – Reading Teacher, 1980
Responds to doubts raised in the preceding article about the author's readability graph. Defends the orthodoxy of the procedures used to develop the graph and presents data showing that it correlates quite well with the other formulas on first- and second-grade materials and is just a little high on third- grade materials. (ET)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Primary Education, Readability Formulas, Reading Material Selection

Homan, Susan; And Others – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1994
A study was conducted with 782 elementary school students to determine whether the Homan-Hewitt Readability Formula could identify the readability of a single-sentence test item. Results indicate that a relationship exists between students' reading grade levels and responses to test items written at higher readability levels. (SLD)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Identification