Noting that "every pupil response" (EPR) techniques allow for all students in a group to respond to each question asked by a teacher, this paper explains how EPR techniques may be incorporated in a reading lesson to help students develop decoding ability. The paper offers a justification for using these directed teaching strategies based on…

Calls for review of research on best practices in phonemic awareness training and direct-instruction reading programs. Suggests that a more effective approach to reading instruction is to integrate skills instruction with meaningful literacy experiences and to use writing to help children learn about written language, including phonemic awareness.…

Second book in the "Chaa'" series, the word workbook allows the student to distinguish and identify similar consonants and vowel sounds in the Navajo language in supplementary oral and writing activities. Black line illustrations are accompanied with new words and symbols to give the student an idea of the association of symbol and sound. Space is…

The student reader-workbook, third part of the "Chaa'" series, presents activities for the student to do orally and in writing. Pages are divided into four frames with the intention of completing each frame before continuing to the next frame in sequence. To allow children an opportunity to decode words at an early age, the code emphasis (phonics)…

The student reader-workbook, third part of the "Ch'al" series, presents activities to be done orally or by writing. Pages of the workbook are divided into two or three frames; each activity for a given frame should be completed before moving on to the next frame. A total of 23 words (14 consonants and 15 vowels) in the Navajo language are…

Children are often turned into deficient readers as a result of their never progressing beyond the first stage of reading--articulation of words from printed page; if provided with an enriched classroom environment, the child will learn to read with little formal instruction. (MM)

Designed as a component of the Navajo Bilingual Bicultural Curriculum, "Ch'al" is the first book in a series of three initial readers composed of a teacher's guide and student reader-workbook. Lessons are introduced the second semester of kindergarten or whenever the teacher feels the children are ready to begin reading and should not be longer…

The second book in a series of three initial readers designed as a component of the Navajo Bilingual Bicultural Curriculum, "Chaa'" builds on the vocabulary introduced in "Ch'al" (the first book of the series). The second reader introduces all the remaining consonants (16), except "x," in the Navajo alphabet; 11 vowel…

Part of the first book series of "Ch'al," the word workbook written in the Navajo language provides supplementary activities to the reading program. Illustrations are in reference to the 11 sound/symbol associations in the Navajo language introduced in the reader-workbook. Illustrated objects are captioned in the Navajo language using…

The student's reader-workbook accompanies the teacher's guide to "Nashdoi." Organized in the same format as the "Ch'al" and "Chaa" books, "Nashdoi" builds on the vocabulary introduced in those first two readers in the series. The reader-workbook introduces the consonant "x," 14 new vowel environments, 6 new diphthong environments, and 102 new…

Some tips can assist teachers in guiding each pupil to achieve more optimally, with respect to the ability to read well and reading comprehension. Among these 10 specific tips are: (1) teach individualized phonics in context; (2) assist the student to read in proper thought units by covering up words in sentences for clarification; (3) assist…

The teacher's guide accompanies the student-reader workbook of "Nashdoi." Organized in the same format as the "Ch'al" and "Chaa" books, "Nashdoi" builds on the vocabulary introduced in those two readers. The consonant "x," 14 new vowel environments, 7 new diphthong environments, and 102 new words are introduced. This teacher's guide is organized…

Ideas of educational psycholinguists Frank Smith and Kenneth Goodman can be combined with the ideas presented in current basal reader manuals to help teachers teach reading more effectively. Since reading and speaking are parallel processes, teachers may invite children to "read" with them, hearing the melody of language as they point to…

FOUR APPROACHES TO BEGINNING READING WERE EVALUATED IN A 3-YEAR STUDY OF ELEMENTARY PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NEW CASTLE, PENNSYLVANIA. THE FOUR APPROACHES USED WERE (1) A BASAL READER PROGRAM PUBLISHED BY SCOTT, FORESMAN AND CO. (1962), (2) A PHONIC PROGRAM UTILIZING CORRELATED FILMSTRIPS PUBLISHED BY J.B. LIPPINCOTT CO. (1963), (3) A COMBINATION…

Six weeks were spent working with a five-year-old kindergarten child who had an excellent understanding of sound/symbol relationships but did not know how to read for meaning. A variety of techniques was used to help the child develop reading strategies and increase confidence: directed reading-thinking activity in week one; student retelling of a…