The Ghanaian government has recently ratified its commitment to Education for All (EFA) and to reaching marginalised students through inclusive education. This article critically examines the often conflicting demands of internationally driven initiatives and their subsequent interpretation and implementation in a disparate culture. A…

Ten years' experience with mainstreaming in the public schools is examined and predictions are made for the coming decade. (JD)

The author points out that much of the controversy regarding mainstreaming, normalization, and the least restrictive environment stems from oversimplification and lack of knowledge of the significant historical development behind these concepts. Changes in public awareness, legislation, and pioneering efforts in educating the disabled are traced…

The article traces the history of mass segregation of handicapped students in U.S. public schools, notes the advent of the concepts of mainstreaming and least restrictive environment, and analyzes such ramifications of mainstreaming as increased numbers of handicapped students in college and re-emergence of "tracking" or ability grouping. (CL)

The history of career education approaches for handicapped students is recounted, touching on early vocational programs as well as the advent of work study and work experience programs. The role of the individualized education program in ensuring the success of mainstreaming is noted. (CL)

Five case studies illustrate "good practice" in integrating handicapped secondary students. The articles focus on programs in Italy, the U.S., England, and Norway. Papers on the Scuola Di Rienzo on Rome and the Drayton School in Oxfordshire, England describe lower secondary schools. The Rome program was once a special school for…

Developed as part of the Indiana Least Restrictive Environment Project, this document is concerned with issues relating to the education and community integration of persons with substantial handicaps. The paper traces the development of the movement to provide those special education services necessary to integrate the disabled into the general…

This issue brief addresses policy and administrative questions in preschool special education. Background information is provided on the history of early intervention and predictions for the future are made. Research is presented on early childhood special education effectiveness (longitudinal and shorter-term studies and third-party evaluations)…

Written by teachers, the manual contains nine chapters designed to help regular and special education teachers teach social studies to handicapped students in the mainstreamed setting. Chapters have the following titles and authors: "Social Studies in the Mainstreamed Classroom, K-6" (A. Ochoa, S. Shuster); "My Place in Space--Painting Maps on…

The report summarizies findings of a study of least restrictive environment (LRE) for handicapped students. Reviews are presented of the legal and legislative background of LRE, the conceptual background of research on environments, the concept of environment in special education, and the results and methodological issues in efficacy research.…

Disability is a human constant: all human societies have and have always had disabled members. Although the presence of such individuals is a constant, culturally shared responses to them vary greatly across time and social context. (Author/BJV)

This article provides an overview of European trends in integration for persons with disabilities, with emphasis on the slow pace of integration in Germany. The historical, attitudinal, and political context of German disability services are stressed, noting the effects of reunification, community living, workplace and school integration, and…

The text presents six chapters on the legal and governmental bases of special education. In the Introduction, F. Weintraub and J. Ballard cite the legislative and litigative history of P.L. 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, and briefly address information sources on such policy issues as procedural safeguards, underserved…

The nine author contributed chapters are intended to provide a basic introduction to the rationale and processes of mainstreaming handicapped children. The first paper, "The Whys and Hows of Mainstreaming" by T. Tice, provides a philosophical examination of the basic principles of P.L. 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, and…

In addition to analyzing the basic policy issues inherent in the provision of special education and related services to handicapped and adjudicated youth, the paper is written to assist corrections personnel in understanding and implementing selected provisions of P.L. 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act), to develop policy…