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Martha Buell; Stephanie Kuntz – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2025
Decades of research has documented the negative effects of physical punishment, including spanking (Heilmann et al., 2021). Since 1998, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has endorsed the use of time out from positive reinforcement (TO) as an alternative to corporal punishment (Sege et al., 2018). Despite urging at the federal level…
Descriptors: Child Care, Certification, Punishment, Positive Reinforcement
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Donaldson, Jeanne M.; Vollmer, Timothy R.; Yakich, Theresa M.; Van Camp, Carole – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2013
Time-out is a negative punishment procedure that parents and teachers commonly use to reduce problem behavior; however, specific time-out parameters have not been evaluated adequately. One parameter that has received relatively little attention in the literature is the mode of administration (verbal or physical) of time-out. In this study, we…
Descriptors: Discipline Policy, Discipline, Timeout, Student Behavior
Engelhardt, Loretta – 1983
The Douglas School System (South Dakota) has successfully operated a Time Out/Discipline Model program in their middle school for five years. The program was developed from 1978-1981 with Title IV-C funds and was validated in May 1981. Two major goals have proven statistically successful: (1) students will choose responsible behavior and will…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Demonstration Programs, Discipline