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Michele Martini; Susan L. Robertson – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2024
In 2014, the OECD-PISA's Governing Board approved the addition of a set of global competence measures to its Programme of Student Assessment. In our paper, we explore whether and how there are discursive shifts between the two framing papers (2016/2018) and what the outcomes are for policy-shaping. To this end, we employ Network Text Analysis to…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Secondary School Students