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Quicker Exogenous Orienting and Slower Endogenous Orienting in Autistic People
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Shuting Li; Keitaro Machida; Emma L. Burrows; Katherine A. Johnson – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2025
Research is equivocal on whether attention orienting is atypical in autism. This study investigated two types of attention orienting in autistic people and accounted for the potential confounders of alerting level, co-occurring symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, age, and sex. Twenty-seven autistic participants…
Descriptors: Children, Adolescents, Adults, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Response Perseveration and Response Shift in Young Children Following Reward and Nonreward
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Berman, Phyllis W. – Child Development, 1973
If learning is viewed in terms of the tendency to approach a stimulus that has been rewarded and to avoid a stimulus that has not been rewarded, then it must be concluded that the subjects in this study did not learn. (Author)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Discrimination Learning, Preschool Children, Responses
An Ontogenetic Analysis of Optional Intradimensional and Extradimensional Shifts
Kendler, Howard H.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972
Results offer strong support to the notion that ontogenetic changes occur in the tendency for humans to prefer an Intradimensional over an Extradimensional choice in an optional discrimination shift paradigm. (Authors)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Developmental Psychology, Discrimination Learning, Mediation Theory
Discrimination Shifts in Three-Year-Olds as a Function of Shift Procedure
Caron, Albert J. – Develop Psychol, 1970
Descriptors: Age Differences, Analysis of Variance, Discrimination Learning, Preschool Children
The Effect of Training and Stimulus Variables on the Reversal-Shift Ontogeny
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Kendler, Tracy S. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1974
Liniar functions fitted to the proportion of optional reversal shifts as a function of log CA were used to assess the effect of stimulus and training variables on the development of reversal-shift. (ST)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Discrimination Learning, Elementary School Students
Acquisition and Extinction Rates as Determinants of Age Change in Discrimination Shift Behavior
Dickerson, Donald J.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972
Results suggest that kindergarten children extinguish mediating responses faster than instrumental choice responses while the reverse probably holds with second graders. (Authors)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Data Analysis, Discrimination Learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Reversals Prior to Solution of Concept Identification in Children
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Tighe, Thomas J.; Tighe, Louise S. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1972
Presolution reversal prevented or significantly retarded learning in kindergarten and first-grade children but did not hinder learning in fifth-grade children. (Authors)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Concept Formation, Cues, Data Analysis
The Effects of Verbal and Visual Highlighting on Discrimination Learning By Preschoolers and Second Graders
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Yussen, Steven R. – Child Development, 1972
Results revealed that (1) relevant verbal experience facilitated learning only for preschoolers, (2) irrelevant verbal experience did not interfere with learning, and (3) visual highlighting exerted no significant effects. (Author/MB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Discrimination Learning, Grade 2, Learning Processes
Amount of Training, Age of Subject, and Perseveration in Reversal Learning. Final Report.
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O'Malley, John J. – 1972
Review of reversal learning data obtained from Ss of various developmental phases suggested that overtraining increases perseveration in pre-school children, and decrease perseveration in older (e.g., 1st grade) children. The present experiment tested this apparent trend. Children of two age groups (X = 4 yrs., 4 mos., vs. X = 6 yrs., 5 mos.)…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Criterion Referenced Tests, Data Analysis
Dimensionality in the Similarity Judgments of Young Children.
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Fahrmeier, Edward D.; Medin, Douglas L. – 1975
In order to examine the nature of dimensional processing in children, 20 kindergarten and 20 third grade Chinese-American children were asked to make similarity judgments for unidimensional sets of stimuli differing in color (hue), size, and shape, respectively. Age differences were generally confined to the color set. The judgments of the older…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Chinese Americans, Cultural Differences, Dimensional Preference