Five investigations examined three- and four-year olds' conceptions of the relationship between pictures and their referents. Results indicated that preschool children have difficulty holding in mind the distinct properties of picture and real referent, just as they tend to confuse the literal and intended meanings of utterances. (TJQ)

The purpose of the two experiments was to assess the effects of two levels of stimulus redundancy and three levels of irrelevant visual stimulation on performance in a successive discrimination task and a reproduction task. The results indicate that increases in redundancy facilitated performance in the reproduction task but had no appreciable…

Noting that children who can easily categorize a picture in terms of what it depicts may have difficulty understanding the picture as a representation or thing in itself, four experiments with children around four years old examined their responses to pictures as things in themselves. Results showed that some children had difficulty understanding…

TO STUDY WHICH OF SEVERAL CONDITIONS PROMOTES EFFICIENT CONCEPT LEARNING, AN EXPERIMENT INVOLVING 2 CONDITIONS, METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STIMULI AND RATIO OF POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE STIMULI, WAS ADMINISTERED TO 80 SECOND-GRADE CHILDREN. THE CHILDREN WERE DIVIDED INTO 8 TREATMENT GROUPS. THESE 8 GROUPS WERE FORMED BY VARYING THE 2 METHODS OF…