Purpose: To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and physical health. Method: The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and physical health through conducting a systematic review of 22 longitudinal studies conducted in Finland, France, the…

Reviews court cases since the classic Brito v. Zia (l973) decision dealing with terminations based on subjective performance appraisals. Examines professional interpretations of Brito v. Zia, criticizing them in light of professional practice and subsequent court decisions. Distills major themes and issues from the review of cases and discusses…

A review of 13 studies examining job loss in mentally retarded workers found reasons for loss broadly distributed across both social and nonsocial domains. Factors included job responsibility (poor attendance and punctuality), task production (inadequate quality and work rate), social skill deficits, and personal-social inadequacies. Training…

Making reference to concepts grounded in the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, this document lists substantive and procedural due process requirements regarding employee termination that administrators must take pains to implement. Justifiable reasons for termination are identified. School administrators have the burden of…

Employee turnover contributes to lost production, disrupts normal business practices, and is expensive. This literature review examines turnover of three administrator positions: the school superintendent, the executive director of nonprofit agencies, and the chief executive officer of for-profit corporations. The most cited reason for turnover of…

Examines the dismissal in 1931 of distinguished sociologist Carl C. Taylor after 11 years as an influential faculty member and dean at the State College of Agriculture and Engineering of North Carolina. Reviews the subsequent investigation by the American Association of University Professors. Highlights Taylor's career and contributions at…

The exit interview, while widely practiced, has been largely ignored as an instrument for organizational change. A review of the literature reveals that eight out of ten firms in the United States use exit interviews to control attrition and identify areas where changes need to be instituted. Persuading an employee to tell the truth about why he…

Reviews techniques for evaluating teachers in Britain and other countries, as well as personnel evaluation in industry. Examines the linking of appraisal with pay, promotion, or dismissal. Argues against the accountability model of appraisal and makes a case for formative evaluation. (SK)

Investigates the relationship among age, gender, and race relative to participation in self-awareness, action-oriented, and training activities after a job loss. Main effects were found for gender and for Age x Employment status. Implications of the study for outplacement programs, along with study limitations and future research directions, are…

Chapter 2 in a book on school law discusses the reasons for reduction in force (RIF) and presents a set of model regulations for school districts as the best means of minimizing legal problems resulting from RIF. The reasons for RIF include declining student enrollments; reduced turnover among teachers; changes in programs; and more constrained…

Despite many employers' opinions that incentive programs for early retirement are humane and desirable, such programs have several undesirable aspects for the retirees and the U.S. economy. The programs are actually termination programs because they function as a way employers can reduce their work force. (In fact, it was the 1973-75 and 1981-82…

This publication presents a close examination of conceptual, legal and related issues surrounding the dismissal of tenured higher education faculty, under the fourth exception to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). This exception, which will expire on December 31, 1993, permits existing, compulsory retirement-age policies to be…

This paper addresses the legal issues surrounding a university or college's action of dismissing tenured faculty members because of the school's troubled financial condition or program discontinuance. It explores various legal principles through an examination of specific questions. These questions are: (1) How do the courts define financial…

A number of school boards have spent hundreds of thousands of dollars to buy out their superintendents' contracts. Offers advice from school board members, superintendents, search consultants, and school attorneys on the issues of contract buyouts. Calculates the cost of contract buyouts in four large school systems. (MLF)

In the federal case from New Jersey, "Taxman v. Board of Education of Township of Piscataway," the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a school board cannot use affirmative-action guidelines to decide which employees will be laid off. This article explains the precedents upon which the court based its August 1996 decision. (LMI)