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Rosa, Francisca B. – ProQuest LLC, 2023
In 2017-18, the number of learners ages 3-21 who received special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was 7.0 million, or 14% of all public-school learners. Of that 7.0 million, 13% were Hispanic learners (NCES, 2019). Among ELLs with disabilities, nearly 50% had specific learning disability, and 21%…
Descriptors: Middle School Teachers, Disproportionate Representation, Minority Group Students, English Language Learners
Abigail Cole – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Disproportionality in special education is a complex issue adversely impacting African-American students. African-American students experience disproportionality in referral to special education and identification with a disability, removing them from the general education setting and resulting in denial of access and socialization with their…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Special Education, African American Students, Disability Identification
Amanda Gray – ProQuest LLC, 2024
This qualitative narrative study explored the perceptions of public-school general education teachers on the training they received for referring students to special education. Two key aspects of this were investigated: (1) navigating the special education referral process, and (2) using individualized interventions that are effective with African…
Descriptors: African American Students, Males, Disproportionate Representation, Special Education
Sonya D. Mellerson – ProQuest LLC, 2022
Historically, African American students have been overrepresented in special education (National Education Association [NEA], 2007. Specifically, African American students have been identified with an emotional disturbance (ED) in special education at an excessive rate in comparison to students of other racial and ethnic categories (Office of…
Descriptors: African American Students, Special Education, Emotional Disturbances, Disability Identification
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Wang, Jiaxin Jessie; Redford, Liz; Ratliff, Kate A. – Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal, 2021
Asian American students are underrepresented in special education, a state of affairs that threatens their access to academic resources. We propose that student race may influence educators' likelihood of recommending them for special education services. In two studies, participants working in the field of education (total N = 1195) read a…
Descriptors: Referral, Racial Bias, Special Education, Asian American Students
Lester, Pamela Denise – ProQuest LLC, 2017
A qualitative method of research was chosen for this study. This ethnographic case study examined school psychologists' and the referral process for special education services. The participants included school psychologists in a specific county in the state of Maryland. School psychologists are considered crucial members of an Individualized…
Descriptors: Qualitative Research, Ethnography, Case Studies, School Psychologists
DuBois, Elizabeth Ann – ProQuest LLC, 2017
Disproportionality in special education has been examined from various perspectives over a 50-year period. English Language Learner (ELL) students have been included in the discussion among researchers in the past two decades as a disproportionate number of ELL students are referred to special education. Though the problem of disproportionality…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, Special Education, Special Education Teachers, English Language Learners
Adams, Antoinette – ProQuest LLC, 2016
The disproportionate representation of African American students in special education classes has been a challenge and dilemma for educators for over four decades. The disproportionate identification of African American students in special education began in kindergarten general education classrooms when teachers did not use interventions…
Descriptors: At Risk Students, African American Students, Special Education, Disproportionate Representation
Charles, Pierette – ProQuest LLC, 2011
The sample for this study was made up of the persons who recommended English language learners (ELLs) to the special education program. The study reviewed how decisions were made in regards to ELLs being referred to special education programs. This research study also assessed the magnitude of disproportionate representation of ELLs in the middle…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Second Language Learning, Middle School Teachers, Special Education
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Bineham, Susan C.; Shelby, Liz; Pazey, Barbara L.; Yates, James R. – Journal of School Leadership, 2014
Federal legislation allows local education agencies to use a student's response to scientific research-based interventions as a method of identifying specific learning disabilities. As a result, educational leadership is challenged to implement response to intervention (RTI). Despite increased literature addressing RTI, no consensus on…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Special Education, Regular and Special Education Relationship, Program Implementation
Mid-Atlantic Equity Center, 2009
The disproportional representation of culturally, linguistically, and ethnically diverse and low-income students in special education and gifted and talented programs has been a persistent issue for many decades. It has been a long standing trend that the percentage of minority students constituting special education programs exceeds their…
Descriptors: Disabilities, School Effectiveness, Program Effectiveness, Special Education
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Arms, Emily; Bickett, Jill; Graf, Victoria – Gender and Education, 2008
While research has documented the predominance of boys in US special education programmes, similar attention to girls' under-representation has been rare. Recent research suggests that there may be just as many girls in need of these services, but for various reasons they are less likely to be identified through the referral process. Girls who…
Descriptors: Females, Content Analysis, Referral, Gender Bias
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Moores-Abdool, Whitney; Unzueta, Caridad H.; Vazquez Donet, Dolores; Bijlsma, Eduard – Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2008
Identifying Specific Learning Disability (SLD) has been an arduous task. Until IDEA 2004, diagnosing SLD was limited to IQ discrepancy models lacking in both empirical evidence and contributing to minority over-representation. This paper examines the history of SLD assessment, the phenomena of minority over-representation, and the implementation…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Learning Disabilities, Disability Identification, Educational Diagnosis
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Obiakor, Festus E.; Harris, Mateba K.; Offor, MaxMary T.; Beachum, Floyd D. – Multicultural Learning and Teaching, 2010
Problems facing African American students with special needs are numerous and complex. Although processes and procedures are in place to properly serve these students, far too many become ensnared in webs of bureaucracy and benign neglect. This article examines African American students? experiences with special education in Milwaukee Public…
Descriptors: African American Students, Special Education, Disproportionate Representation, Student Experience
McDonough, Erin Marie – ProQuest LLC, 2009
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between traditional student assistance teams and an innovative consultation-based assistance team in terms of the risk ratios for minority students for evaluation and eligibility for special education services. It was hypothesized that the innovative consultation-based assistance team…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Eligibility, Disability Identification, Referral
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