The abrupt closure of schools globally in mid-2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education for 1.5 billion learners, compelling an emergency shift to online teaching (UNESCO, n.d.). While personalized learning initiatives had been gaining traction, the pandemic challenged their continuity, transforming them into crisis management…

Addresses the problems of adapting instructional courses for trans-European tele-learning and for enlarging the range of students and learning modalities in distance learning. Building on previous work on the portability of educational software, various dimensions of software adaptation are examined and their possible effects on course adaptation…

Asserts that distance education can succeed by not repeating the mistakes of correspondence education, discussing faculty's necessary role as mediators of content. Explores the transition to providing such mediation in online course design. (EV)