The current study examined associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and future interpersonal victimization among adolescents, after accounting for the impact of early victimization exposure, gender, ethnicity, and household income. In addition, problematic alcohol use was tested as a mediator of the relation between PTSD…

A dual-process model of the alcohol-behavior link is presented, synthesizing 2 of the major social-cognitive approaches: expectancy and myopia theories. Substantial evidence has accrued to support both of these models, and recent neurocognitive models of the effects of alcohol on thought and behavior have provided evidence to support both as well.…

This study examined alcohol use development from ages 13-20 years. The sample comprised 256 youth (50.4% female; 51.2% White, 48.8% African American) assessed annually for 6 years. A cohort-sequential latent growth model was used to model categorical alcohol use (non-use vs. use). Covariates included gender, race, income, parent marital status,…

Utilizes structural model to examine relationships between three male-role variables, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems in sample of men and women. For men, traditional attitudes led to more alcohol consumption, whereas agentic traits protected them from experiencing alcohol-related problems and from experiencing masculine…

Considers neuropsychological changes associated with alcohol abuse and touches on related neuropathological and neuroradiological research. Describes neuropsychological research on recently detoxified alcoholic men, long-term abstainers, and animals. Sources of neuropsychological variability including family history of alcoholism, developmental…

Commends cognitive studies for extending our understanding of alcohol use and abuse. The role of vicarious learning and efficacy and outcome expectations in the development, maintenance, and prevention of drinking, is stressed. Reinterpreted concepts of craving and loss of control as well as models of relapse and prevention treatment strategies,…

Alcoholism in females requires a different explanation from alcoholism in males. A set of dimensions for analyzing the problem was specified. A two-track model emerged: depression-dependence, and low femininity. These are seen as developmental, with life events contributing to a value-added propensity to problem drinking, ultimately triggered by a…

Describes employee assistance model in which cost-effective, high-quality treatment can be offered for a complex range of alcohol-related problems. Notes that this system of care allows the employee to be treated in the least restrictive therapeutic environment, thus encouraging continued productivity at work. (Author/NB)

This document is one of seven publications contained in a series of materials for physicians on recognizing, intervening with, and treating adolescent alcoholism. The materials in this unit of study are intended to provide a framework for physicians' awareness, to present selected facts and information, to outline current thinking regarding…

Describes inception and evolution of a 14-month project providing group counseling to offenders placed on probation after conviction for driving while intoxicated (DWI). Describes modifications of group counseling techniques, necessitated by the involuntary nature of members' participation. Presents generalizations concerning social psychological…

Given the high rate of alcoholism in the United States, the question is pursued regarding the existence of a personality type in which the individual is predisposed toward alcoholism. It is concluded that the alcoholic personality may be characterized by certain predisposing traits "triggered" by specific environmental stresses. (Author)

A survey of 72 Mexican American and 196 Anglo community-college students examined attitudes about alcohol use, addiction models, and the relative effectiveness of four types of alcoholism treatment programs. Mexican American students reported less alcohol use and rated all programs as more effective than did Anglos. Among Mexican Americans,…

This model starts with the assumption that a drinking problem is a family problem. Alcoholism is seen as a complex, progressive illness dangerous not only to the individual drinker but also to his family, friends, and society as a whole. Early intervention is seen as important in dealing with the problem. Early warning signs and symptoms are set…

Alcoholic women living with their children are recognized as a treatment population needing special environmental support as part of their recovery. The Family Rehabilitation Coordinator Project is a pilot research and training effort to aid the recovery of alcoholic women and their children and families. Trainees work in the home of an alcoholic…

Provides a conceptual framework for discussing the role of alcohol in a person's life and for planning appropriate interventions when abuse is evidenced. Discusses drive reduction and the dynamic of alcohol involvement through four involvement stages. (Author/RC)