This study tests theories of social learning and strain to explain non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among Latino college students at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Logistic regression analyses indicate social learning and negative stressors help explain such usage, while refined models suggest that Latinos use of NMPD is primarily intended to improve academic performance. The study raises important questions about the unique challenges facing Latino college students and the role NMPDU may play in HSIs.