This article examines issues of local community development in Rwanda, building on the triple helix model proposed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s to draw insights from international perspectives. The authors favour an expanded quadruple helix model which includes the local community as a unit of analysis, alongside higher…

This article shows how community libraries can create and support literate environments, which are essential for building and sustaining literacy skills in local communities. The paper begins with a subject analysis reviewing available background materials and literature on the topic. Next, relevant issues are considered based on experiences and…

Asserts that three factors are changing international development assistance and the agenda of international development agencies working in the area of education: (1) shifts in the age distribution of the population; (2) devolution of more authority to lower levels of the education system; and (3) intensified competition for resources. Examines…