A review of the literature was conducted to understand whether or not and how enterprise zones and other economic development strategies apply to Indian country. The review: (1) summarizes the effects of past and present federal policies on Indians and their economic development efforts; (2) examines the literature on enterprise zones, as…

Reviewing 28 economic development projects on seven reservations, the General Accounting Office (GAO) evaluated the effectiveness of Federal efforts to improve American Indian economic conditions, the problems encountered, and the opportunities to improve these efforts. Evaluation revealed a need for: (1) better promotional efforts (up-to-date…

The Selected Indian Reservation Program established under the Economic Development Administration in 1967 was evaluated in terms of actual or potential job creation via detailed assessment of EDA activities on 16 reservations, discussions at the regional and national levels of EDA program tools (public work grants/loans, business development…

Describes general development assistance available to rural areas through federal programs that fund housing, extension education and research, rural community development, rural business development, resource conservation, and development activities in American Indian reservations and disadvantaged rural areas. (SV)

Although off-reservation economic development programs have been emphasized in the past, the Navajo Tribe also needs to emphasize on-reservation economic development in order to prevent the loss of well-educated Indian youth who leave frustrating on-reservation Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) jobs to aid outside enterprises in the mining of natural…

As the appendices to an evaluation of the Economic Development Administration's (EDA) Selected Indian Reservation Program, this portion of the evaluation report presents individualized evaluations of each of the 16 reservations originally selected for the program in 1967. Each reservation evaluation is presented in terms of the following format:…

Since 1967 the Economic Development Administration (EDA) has carried out an Indian program that emphasized economic development of Indian reservations and trust lands. In the past 12 years Indian tribes in 32 states have received community and industrial development grants to assist them in developing a viable economic base on their lands. Tribes…

A number of exemplary planning mechanisms and systems implemented by Native American Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) grantees to achieve coordination of resources for reservation economic development are highlighted in this handbook on integrated planning. Also included is an examination of the problems caused by the failure to…

Profitable businesses are needed on Indian reservations to help Indians overcome cultural and economic barriers, become self-sufficient, and achieve a standard of living comparable to that enjoyed by non-Indians in neighboring communities; the 25 loan, grant, and technical assistance programs administered by 8 federal agencies, however, have not…

This paper analyzes and evaluates federal assistance to Indians on or near reservations and recommends public policies to promote self-determination through economic development. Most Indian tribes rely on federal funds for basic necessities and services. At current funding levels, reservation residents lead lives of deprivation or opt for…

Economic self-sufficiency is the key to reviving and maintaining a strong Indian culture; therefore, the goal of the Passamaquoddy Enterprise Zone Project was to develop an understanding of the types of business that do well in the area and those that do not do well. The study used interviews with business managers as well as case studies of 12…

Developed to assist Native American reservation program planners, this handbook highlights a number of exemplary uses of Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) funds in reservation economic development, presents a discussion of the problems reservations may face in meeting the new funding directions of the federal government, and…

Federal taxpayers may spend more, nominally, on each Indian than they do on other Americans, but the permanent benefits to reservation communities have been smaller. One-fifth of all spending maintains federal agencies. Funds that do reach reservations tend to be absorbed by tribal administration and unproductive employment. (ERB)

Government officials must recognize the fact that the diversity among American Indian peoples necessitates Indian control of Indian educational programs. A recent study points out that distributing educational dollars in a manner that will permit greater participation by the beneficiaries increases their opportunities for success. Indian…

Field study and analysis of program documents were undertaken in the first phase of a multi-phased research effort to improve and strengthen the relationships between CETA programs and economic development activities on Indian reservations. Exploratory in nature, the study examined the approaches developed by 24 Indian reservations and Native…