The social, cultural, and economic transitions in rural areas across the globe lead us to critique the traditional "top-down" or "bottom-up" distinction as being outdated for contemporary rural policy. In Europe and the United States in particular, high rates of counterurbanization heighten the need for new ways of thinking…

This ERIC digest describes the lives of migrant families, migrant students' education, and migrant parents' involvement in their children's education. Migrant families tend to travel along well-established geographic routes which can be identified as the East Coast Stream, the Mid-Continent Stream, and the Western Stream. In 1986, the average…

Argues that the semiperipheral development of Puerto Rico since around 1975 has created a relative labor surplus in formal sectors of the economy while increasing demand for cheap labor in the informal service sector. Describes migration of Puerto Ricans to and from the U.S. and of Dominicans to Puerto Rico. (AF)

Data from St. Barthelemy (French West Indies) show that, for people born from 1878 to 1967, neither cohort size nor fluctuations in external demands for labor had a lasting effect on the probability of eventual migration. Emigration slowed only after development of local tourism brought prosperity to the island. (AF)

Conditions and characteristics underlying the spatial distribution of Negroes in rural Southwestern Michigan are studied in this document. The migration of Negroes is traced into the area, the demographic composition is analyzed, and social and economic ties are compared with those of the white population. Census data and household interviews in 4…

A study of women in migration in Third World countries since 1960 reveals that, contrary to assumptions, more women are migrating autonomously from rural to urban areas in an often unsuccessful effort to improve their economic status. The results of the study of migration patterns in Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, and the Middle…

Study objectives were to: increase the understanding of rural to urban migration processes in Africa and Sierra Leone; develop and test a theoretical schema and survey methodology for migration research; and evaluate the effects of policy on migration. The migration survey was conducted in rural areas, urban areas, and again in the rural areas…

Spurred in part by the apparent contradiction between recent data on the magnitude of autonomous female migration and the lack of acknowledgment of that data in recent literature, a 1979 study attempted to define women migrants in 46 Third World Countries in terms of age, marital status, socioeconomic status, factors motivating migration, and…

A 1981-82 bibliography of available literature on migrants and migrant education, from the Rutgers Intercultural Relations and Ethnic Studies Institute, primarily lists publications which appeared between 1970 and 1980. The 379 entries are divided into 15 sections: bibliography (7); children (24); economics (7); education (100); family (9); health…